Sexual Dimorphism in the Craniofacial Skeleton of Modern Humans

Wood, Chris G.; Lynch, John

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9083-2_34

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…a Howells [46] b Not a traditionally defined landmark; the definition presented here was devised and is used by authors at the Centre for Forensic Science (UWA) c Bass [47] d Buikstra and Ubelaker [48] e DeVilliers [49] f Wood and Lynch [50] programme user's guide. In this software, the shape coordinates were obtained using a Procrustes superimposition of the original raw landmark configurations [17].…”

Section: Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for forensic quantification of sexual dimorphism: preliminary investigations in a Western Australian population

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A current limitation of forensic practice in Western Australia is a lack of contemporary population-specific standards for biological profiling; this directly relates to the unavailability of documented human skeletal collections. With rapidly advancing technology, however, it is now possible to acquire accurate skeletal measurements from 3D scans contained in medical databases. The purpose of the present study, therefore, is to explore the accuracy of using cranial form to predict sex in adult Australians. Both traditional and geometric morphometric methods are applied to data derived from 3D landmarks acquired in CT-reconstructed crania. The sample comprises multi-detector computed tomography scans of 200 adult individuals; following 3D volume rendering, 46 anatomical landmarks are acquired using OsiriX (version 3.9). Centroid size and shape (first 20 PCs of the Procrustes coordinates) and the inter-landmark (ILD) distances between all possible pairs of landmarks are then calculated. Sex classification effectiveness of the 3D multivariate descriptors of size and shape and selected ILD measurements are assessed and compared; robustness of findings is explored using resampling statistics. Cranial shape and size and the ILD measurements are sexually dimorphic and explain 3.2 to 54.3 % of sample variance; sex classification accuracy is 83.5-88.0 %. Sex estimation using 3D shape appears to have some advantages compared to approaches using size measurements. We have, however, identified a simple and biologically meaningful single non-traditional linear measurement (glabella-zygion) that classifies Western Australian individuals according to sex with a high degree of expected accuracy (87.5-88 %).

show abstract

Section: Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for forensic quantification of sexual dimorphism: preliminary investigations in a Western Australian population

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous studies have revealed populational variations in sexual dimorphism and level of sexual expression in an assortment of skeletal traits (8,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). However, within-individual variation in sexual expression or dimorphism has not received equal attention, and at present, researchers can only offer tentative, theoretical answers to questions as simple as whether different skeletal areas of a single individual should be expected to display similar levels of sexual dimorphism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism

Best

Garvin

Cabo

2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When faced with commingled remains, it might be assumed that a more "masculine" pelvis is associated with a more "masculine" cranium, but this relationship has not been specifically tested. This study uses geometric morphometric analyses of pelvic and cranial landmarks to assess whether there is an intra-individual relationship between the degrees of sexual expression in these two skeletal regions. Principal component and discriminant function scores were used to assess sexual dimorphism in 113 U.S. Black individuals. Correlation values and partial least squares regression (PLS) were used to evaluate intra-individual relationships. Results indicate that the os coxae is more sexually dimorphic than the cranium, with element shape being more sexually dimorphic than size. PLS and correlation results suggest no significant intra-individual relationship between pelvic and cranial sexual size or shape expression. Thus, in commingled situations, associations between these skeletal elements cannot be inferred based on degree of "masculinity."

show abstract

“…Among the causes of variation in biological populations, sexual dimorphism is one of the most conspicuous (Hanken and Hall, 1993;Plavcan, 1994;Wood and Lynch, 1996). However, the integrated nature of the phenotype, in addition to the large morphological variability detected within populations, makes it difficult to identify the causes that control the expression of these features, in particular those directly or indirectly related to sex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin‐plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex

Rosas

Bastir

2002

American J Phys Anthropol

275

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex was analyzed using geometric morphometric methods. Thin-plate splines (TPS) analysis has been applied to investigate the lateral profile of complete adult skulls of known sex. Twenty-nine three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial and mandibular landmark coordinates were recorded from a sample of 52 adult females and 52 adult males of known age and sex. No difference in the influence of size on shape was detected between sexes. Both size and sex had significant influences on shape. As expected, the influence of centroid size on shape (allometry) revealed a shift in the proportions of the neurocranium and the viscerocranium, with a marked allometric variation of the lower face. Adjusted for centroid size, males presented a relatively larger size of the nasopharyngeal space than females. A mean-male TPS transformation revealed a larger piriform aperture, achieved by an increase of the angulation of the nasal bones and a downward rotation of the anterior nasal floor. Male pharynx expansion was also reflected by larger choanae and a more posteriorly inclined basilar part of the occipital clivus. Male muscle attachment sites appeared more pronounced. In contrast, the mean-female TPS transformation was characterized by a relatively small nasal aperture. The occipital clivus inclined anteriorly, and muscle insertion areas became smoothed. Besides these variations, both maxillary and mandibular alveolar regions became prognathic. The sex-specific TPS deformation patterns are hypothesized to be associated with sexual differences in body composition and energetic requirements.

show abstract

Sexual Dimorphism in the Craniofacial Skeleton of Modern Humans

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

The application of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for forensic quantification of sexual dimorphism: preliminary investigations in a Western Australian population

The application of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for forensic quantification of sexual dimorphism: preliminary investigations in a Western Australian population

An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism

Thin‐plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About