Sexual dimorphism in the brown algae

Luthringer, R.; Cormier, Alexandre; Ahmed, Shahzad; Peters, Akira F.; Cock, J. Mark; Coelho, Susana M.

doi:10.1127/2198-011x/2014/0002

Cited by 64 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…Among the brown seaweeds, dioecy during the haploid phase is most prevalent (Luthringer et al 2014) and dioecy during the diploid phase is exclusive to species of the order Fucales, which may or may not be buoyant. As certain of these dioecious species travel thousands of kilometres before reaching new potential colonisation sites, the probability of simultaneous arrival of both sexes is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true for species in which the sexes are separate due to their dioecious sexual system. Among these dioecious organisms are many brown seaweeds (Luthringer et al 2014), some of which have been reported as long-distance dispersers based on genetic evidence (Fraser et al 2010a, Coyer et al 2011). Long-distance dispersal has been suggested for some positively buoyant dioecious seaweeds that are able to maintain viable propagules over long periods of time, as is the case for Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus 1753 ( Vandendriessche et al 2007, Coyer et al 2011 and Hormosira banksii (Turner) Decaisne 1842 (McKenzie and Bellgrove 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Lizée-Prynne¹,

López²,

Tala³

et al. 2016

Botanica Marina

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Dispersal of dioecious floating seaweeds could be limited due to biological constraints. This study examined for benthic and floating populations (stranded individuals) of the rafting kelp Durvillaea antarctica whether male and female individuals cohabit within one holdfast. As a previous study had indicated colour differences between sexes, we also examined whether these colour differences are consistent and possibly related to pigment and phlorotannin concentrations. Our large-scale survey of rafted holdfasts and a small-scale survey of benthic holdfasts at two sites found that reproductive males and females do travel together in coalesced holdfasts, although this proportion is relatively low (5-17%). There were no sex-specific differences in pigment and phlorotannin concentrations, but there were significant differences between the two benthic populations. There was no relationship between the colouration of thalli and the concentration of pigments but there was a slight colour difference between vegetative and reproductive sexual stages. Based on these results we conclude that biological conditions are not the cause for the lack of genetic connectivity between D. antarctica populations from central Chile. Instead, we suggest that ecological processes, such as density-blocking and physical factors (i.e. currents and winds), limit the potential for successful rafting dispersal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Lizée-Prynne¹,

López²,

Tala³

et al. 2016

Botanica Marina

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“…, Luthringer et al. ). However, in our culture experiments, parthenogenetic capacity (i.e., germination rate and survival rate) was significantly different depending on sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In anisogamous taxa, only female gametes are usually capable of parthenogenesis (Luthringer et al. ). Therefore, if parthenogenesis of female gametes functions in anisogamous taxa, the sex ratio will be biased to females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parthenogenesis is rare in the reproduction of a sexual field population of the isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon (Scytosiphonaceae, Ectocarpales)

Hoshino

Kogame

2019

Journal of Phycology

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Parthenogenetic development of unfused gametes is commonly observed in laboratory cultures among various brown algal taxa. There is, however, little information on the contribution of parthenogenesis to the reproduction of field populations. In this study, we investigated whether parthenogenesis is present in a sexual population of the isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon with a 1:1 sex ratio. In culture, both female and male gametes showed higher mortality and slower development compared to zygotes. More than 90% of surviving partheno‐germlings formed parthenosporophytes irrespective of the culture conditions tested. Therefore, if parthenogenesis occurs in the field, most unfused gametes are expected to form parthenosporophytes. Contrary to this expectation, parthenosporophytes were rare in the field population. We collected 126 sporophytic thalli and isolated and cultured a unilocular sporangium from each of them. We confirmed that cultures of 120 unilocular sporangia produced both female and male gametophytes by the observation of zygotes or amplification of PCR‐based sex markers indicating that these sporangia originated from zygotic sporophytes. Only females were detected in cultures from two sporangia and only males from four sporangia suggesting that these sporangia originated from parthenosporophytes. In the Scytosiphon population, although parthenogenesis is observable in culture, our results demonstrate that the contribution of parthenogenesis to reproduction is small (≤4.8%) compared to sexual reproduction. Unfused gametes may not survive to form mature parthenosporophytes in significant numbers in the field partly due to their higher mortality and slower development compared from zygotes.

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Switching it up: algal insights into sexual transitions

Coelho

Umen

2021

Plant Reprod

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While the process of meiosis is highly conserved across eukaryotes, the sexual systems that govern life cycle phase transitions are surprisingly labile. Switches between sexual systems have profound evolutionary and ecological consequences, in particular for plants, but our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and ultimate causes underlying these transitions is still surprisingly incomplete. We explore here the idea that brown and green algae may be interesting comparative models that can increase our understanding of relevant processes in plant reproductive biology, from evolution of gamete dimorphism, gametogenesis, sex determination and transitions in sex-determining systems.

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Sexual dimorphism in the brown algae

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica

Parthenogenesis is rare in the reproduction of a sexual field population of the isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon (Scytosiphonaceae, Ectocarpales)

Switching it up: algal insights into sexual transitions

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