Sexual Dimorphism in Gynodioecious<i>Sidalcea hirtipes</i>(Malvaceae). II. Floral Traits

Schultz, Stewart T.

doi:10.1086/344551

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The positive pleiotropic effect of CMS on style length in our hybrids presents a possible explanation for gynodioecious taxa, in which male steriles (females) also have longer pistils than male fertiles (hermaphrodites) (Schultz, 2003;Golonka et al, 2005), and is consistent with theory suggesting that CMS spreads selfishly via positive effects on female function. Maternally inherited (for example, mitochondrial) genes which cause male sterility should readily spread toward fixation if they cause even marginal increases in female fitness (for example, Frank, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, in combination with a highly significant effect of male sterility on pistil size, this finding suggests that the selfish spread of malesterilizing mitochondria via pleiotropic female fitness gains is mechanistically plausible. Pleiotropic effects of male sterility on corolla and style size in hybrids with CMS are consistent with the developmental correlation hypothesis for gynodioecy proposed by Darwin (1877) and others (Thompson et al, 2002;Schultz, 2003), and may be a downstream effect of anther degeneration. The development of corolla traits is often mediated by hormones, particularly gibberellins, provided by developing anthers (Raab and Koning, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In contrast to the androecium and corolla, correlations between the androecium and gynoecium are often weak or even negative, suggesting alternative developmental pathways and thus potentially independent evolutionary trajectories (Stanton and Preston, 1988;Conner and Via, 1993;Kudoh et al, 2001;Ashman and Williams, 2003;Schultz, 2003). In gynodioecious taxa, a necessary precondition for the maintenance of male steriles is a fitness advantage, however slight, over male fertiles (Charlesworth and Charlesworth, 1978;Frank, 1989), and in most studies, females make at least as many seeds as hermaphrodites and generally more (Van Damme and Van Delden, 1984;Manicacci et al, 1998;Frank and Barr, 2001;Barr, 2003Barr, , 2004bShykoff et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is similar to above hypotheses for hermaphroditic taxa; that is, that developmental correlations among floral whorls lead to a direct pleiotropic effect of anther degeneration on corolla size. A handful of studies suggest a fundamental developmental relationship between the presence of the androecium and corolla size (for example , Plack 1957;Widen and Widen, 1999;Thompson et al, 2002;Schultz, 2003), although genetic demonstrations of pleiotropy between corolla and androecium are relatively rare. A second hypothesis is based on the idea of sex-dependent fitness limits, with male function in fertiles being mate-limited and seed production of steriles being resource-limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoplasmic male sterility in Mimulus hybrids has pleiotropic effects on corolla and pistil traits

Barr

Fishman

2011

Heredity

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The mechanisms underlying genetic associations have important consequences for evolutionary outcomes, but distinguishing linkage from pleiotropy is often difficult. Here, we use a fine mapping approach to determine the genetic basis of association between cytonuclear male sterility and other floral traits in Mimulus hybrids. Previous work has shown that male sterility in hybrids between Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nasutus is due to interactions between a mitochondrial gene from M. guttatus and two tightly linked nuclear restorer alleles on Linkage Group 7, and that male sterility is associated with reduced corolla size. In the present study, we generated a set of nearly isogenic lines segregating for the restorer region and male sterility, but with unique flanking introgressions. Male-sterile flowers had significantly smaller corollas, longer styles and greater stigmatic exsertion than fertile flowers. Because these effects were significant regardless of the genotypic composition of introgressions flanking the restorer region, they suggest that these floral differences are a direct byproduct of the genetic incompatibility causing anther abortion. In addition, we found a non-significant but intriguing trend for male-sterile plants to produce more seeds per flower than fertile siblings after supplemental pollination. Such pleiotropic effects may underlie the corolla dimorphism frequently observed in gynodioecious taxa and may affect selection on cytoplasmic male sterility genes when they initially arise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cytoplasmic male sterility in Mimulus hybrids has pleiotropic effects on corolla and pistil traits

Barr

Fishman

2011

Heredity

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“…Flower size on the other hand seems to be determined more by the level of male functionality, possibly due to a strong developmental correlation between the stamens and petals, because of a genetic linkage or pleiotropic effects (Raab and Koning, 1988;Schultz, 2003;Barr and Fishman, 2011), even though we did not find a correlation between the number of functional anthers and flower size within the intermediates.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum

Elzinga

Varga

2017

Flora

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Please cite this article as: Elzinga, Jelmer A., Varga, Sandra, Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum.Flora http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora. 2016.11.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Our results show that stigma lifespan is almost twice as long in females as in hermaphrodites and intermediate plants. Also flower lifespan is longest in females. We discuss the potential mechanisms through which an increased floral lifespan can lead to a female advantage despite the generally lower pollinator visitation rates observed in females by reviewing available studies. Our study shows that increased floral persistence in females can be an important aspect in the maintenance of females in gynodioecious plants and should be taken into account as a potential proximate cause for a female advantage.

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Why do florivores prefer hermaphrodites over females in Nemophila menziesii (Boraginaceae)?

McCall

Barr

2012

Oecologia

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Although florivores can destroy significant amounts of sexual tissues and indirectly affect pollination, little is known about their preferences, which could shape the evolution of floral traits or defense. In this study, we used a gynodioecious plant Nemophila menziesii, and its main florivore Platyprepia virginalis, to test which floral characteristics are associated with florivory in the field and with florivore choice in the laboratory. Hermaphrodite flowers consistently received more damage than nearby females in the field. In the laboratory setting, florivores also preferred unmanipulated hermaphrodites versus unmanipulated females. Systematic evaluation of hermaphrodite traits, such as corolla size, anther presence, and corolla color, revealed that corolla diameter was the main determinant of florivore preference in this system. Here, we discuss the implications of both pollinator and florivore choice in the evolution of corolla size and sex ratio in gynodioecious species with cytoplasmic male sterility and emphasize the need for more information on the preferences of florivores.

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Sexual Dimorphism in GynodioeciousSidalcea hirtipes(Malvaceae). II. Floral Traits

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Cytoplasmic male sterility in Mimulus hybrids has pleiotropic effects on corolla and pistil traits

Cytoplasmic male sterility in Mimulus hybrids has pleiotropic effects on corolla and pistil traits

Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum

Why do florivores prefer hermaphrodites over females in Nemophila menziesii (Boraginaceae)?

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