Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in &lt;em&gt;Fusarium graminearum&lt;/em&gt;

Cavinder, Brad; Sikhakolli, Usha; Fellows, Kayla M.; Trail, Frances

doi:10.3791/3895-v

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In outcrosses, we fertilized female strains grown on carrot agar plates with 1 ml of conidial suspension (1 × 10 6 conidia/ml) derived from male strains. We assayed ascospore discharge as described in ( 69 ). We measured conidiation in 5-day-old liquid carboxymethylcellulose cultures and assayed spore germination and germ tube growth in liquid YEPD (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% dextrose) medium for 12 hours using freshly harvested conidia or ascospores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive advantages of restorative RNA editing in fungi for resolving survival-reproduction trade-offs

Qi,

Lu,

Long

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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RNA editing in various organisms commonly restores RNA sequences to their ancestral state, but its adaptive advantages are debated. In fungi, restorative editing corrects premature stop codons in pseudogenes specifically during sexual reproduction. We characterized 71 pseudogenes and their restorative editing in Fusarium graminearum , demonstrating that restorative editing of 16 pseudogenes is crucial for germ tissue development in fruiting bodies. Our results also revealed that the emergence of premature stop codons is facilitated by restorative editing and that premature stop codons corrected by restorative editing are selectively favored over ancestral amino acid codons. Furthermore, we found that ancestral versions of pseudogenes have antagonistic effects on reproduction and survival. Restorative editing eliminates the survival costs of reproduction caused by antagonistic pleiotropy and provides a selective advantage in fungi. Our findings highlight the importance of restorative editing in the evolution of fungal complex multicellularity and provide empirical evidence that restorative editing serves as an adaptive mechanism enabling the resolution of genetic trade-offs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive advantages of restorative RNA editing in fungi for resolving survival-reproduction trade-offs

Qi,

Lu,

Long

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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“…meridionale are both homothallic; thus, individual strains can produce fertile perithecia without requiring a compatible mate. Sexual fertility was assessed based on the ability of each isolate to produce perithecia and ascospores on carrot agar following a standard protocol with some modifications (Cavinder et al, 2012). Carrot agar plates (6 cm in diameter) were inoculated by placing a 5‐μL drop of a spore suspension (10 4 macroconidia/mL) of each isolate in the centre.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multivariate analysis of phenotypic traits of strains of Fusarium graminearum and F. meridionale supports structure by species

et al. 2023

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and Gibberella ear and stalk rot (GER and GSR) of maize are diseases of worldwide importance. Several phylogenetic species belonging to the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) cause FHB and GER/GSR in Brazil, but the dominant species varies depending on host. Fusarium graminearum is the most frequent cause of FHB, while F. meridionale is more often associated with GER/GSR. These two species are distinguished based on fixed sequence variations at a few genetic loci; however, relevance of these differences to reproduction, pathogenicity and toxigenicity has not been fully explored. A range of phenotypic traits were evaluated for a group of strains of F. graminearum and F. meridionale from wheat and maize. These included radial growth on agar plates, sexual and asexual reproduction, fungicide sensitivity, toxigenicity and pathogenicity on wheat and maize. Although intraspecies variation was observed for most traits, a multivariate analysis showed the strains were strongly structured by species, regardless of host origin. Increased sexual or asexual reproduction, deoxynivalenol production and aggressiveness on wheat heads were most important for distinguishing strains of F. graminearum, while faster mycelial growth in culture, nivalenol production and reduced colonization on detached maize silks were most important for distinguishing strains of F. meridionale. Thus, the phylogenetic distinction between F. graminearum and F. meridionale is supported by phenotypic differences that are relevant for pathogenicity (aggressiveness and mycotoxin production on wheat heads and maize silks, mycelial growth and sexual and asexual reproduction) and disease management (tebuconazole sensitivity).

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“…Conidia produced by each strain were filtrated through four layers of lens tissue and their concentration was measured using a haemocytometer. For sexual reproduction assays, mycelial plugs (5‐mm diameter) of each strain/mutant were placed on the centre of CA plates (6‐cm in diameter) and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 7 days; subsequently, the aerial hyphae were removed with sterile toothpicks, and the resulting plates were covered with 1 mL 2.5% Tween 20 and incubated under bright fluorescent lights at 22–25°C for 2 weeks (Cavinder et al, 2012). Perithecia were observed by a stereofluorescence microscope (SMZ25; Nikon).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and fitness of Fusarium graminearum mutants resistant to fluazinam

Shi

Cao

et al. 2023

Plant Pathology

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Fusarium head blight (FHB), predominately caused by ascomycete Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto, is a devastating fungal disease of cereal crops worldwide. In this study, baseline sensitivity of F. graminearum s. str. to fluazinam was established using 100 isolates that were collected from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China in 2009 and 2018. The EC50 values of fluazinam on mycelial growth inhibition ranged from 0.0211 to 0.1097 μg/mL and the mean EC50 was 0.0601 ± 0.0191 μg/mL, which indicated that fluazinam had a strong inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of F. graminearum s. str. To acquire fluazinam‐resistant (FluR) mutants, one wild‐type strain (PH‐1, with assembled genome) and another four fluazinam‐sensitive (FluS) isolates randomly selected from the above‐mentioned population were domesticated with fluazinam or mutagenized by ultraviolet light in vitro. As a result, 45 FluR mutants were obtained with resistance frequencies of 0.68% (domestication) and 8 in 10−8 (mutagenesis), respectively. Of the 45 FluR mutants, 11 were selected to determine the biological fitness. Based on data of radial mycelial growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, response to environmental stresses, pathogenicity and deoxynivalenol production, all the tested mutants suffered from a fitness penalty. Additionally, slightly positive cross‐resistance was observed between the combination of fluazinam and tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, or pydiflumetofen, but not phenamacril or carbendazim. Therefore, a low‐to‐moderate risk of development of F. graminearum s. str. resistant to fluazinam was suggested, indicating that fluazinam could be a good alternative fungicide against the FHB in the field.

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Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Adaptive advantages of restorative RNA editing in fungi for resolving survival-reproduction trade-offs

Adaptive advantages of restorative RNA editing in fungi for resolving survival-reproduction trade-offs

A multivariate analysis of phenotypic traits of strains of Fusarium graminearum and F. meridionale supports structure by species

Characterization and fitness of Fusarium graminearum mutants resistant to fluazinam

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