Sexual Behavior and HIV Testing Practices among Men who have Sex with Men in Portugal

Perceptions of HIV-Related Stigma in Portugal Among MSM With HIV Infection and an Undetectable Viral Load

“…Antiretroviral therapy (ART), taken consistently, can limit and control HIV replication while reducing the viral load to undetectable levels (Wu et al, 2015), and the early and successful treatment of PLWH using ART contributes to a significant reduction in the chance of the HIV transmission (Pereira, 2015). Thus, an undetectable viral load has been seen by many MSM as a milestone for re-engaging in sex and relationships, disclosing their HIV diagnosis to sexual partners, increasing sexual freedoms, and lessening concerns about HIV transmission (Grace et al, 2015).…”

“…Direct experiences and interactions with PLWH have been positively associated with a decrease in the levels of HIV stigma (Prati et al, 2016) and, therefore, a higher probability of seeking HIV testing and obtaining effective social support (Pereira, 2015). Thus, there is a need for effective services and strategies to create the conditions for decreasing HIVrelated stigma, thus promoting greater treatment adherence (Wei et al, 2014).…”