Sexual Assault and Intercollegiate Athletes

McCray, Kristy

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_44

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The literature on sexual violence in a university context has more often reported the risk posed by athletes as perpetrators ( McCray, 2019 ; Bonar et al, 2020 ) than the risk of sexual violence towards varsity athletes. In a recent review of the literature on risk factors associated with sexual violence in the university setting, Bonar et al (2020) concluded that being a member of a men’s university athletic team was a risk factor for sexual assault perpetration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence at University: Are Varsity Athletes More at Risk?

et al. 2022

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Some studies report that the sport context increases the risk of exposure to sexual violence for athletes. In contrast, others indicate a protective effect of sport participation against sexual violence, particularly among varsity athletes. Studies of sexual violence towards varsity athletes are limited by their failure to include control groups and various known risk factors such as age, graduate level, gender and sexual identity, disability status, international and Indigenous student status, and childhood sexual abuse. The purpose of the present study is to fill in these gaps to determine whether varsity athletes are at greater risk than non-athletes of sexual violence towards them or whether, on the contrary, involvement in a varsity sport is coherent with the Sport Protection Hypothesis. Data for this article come from the ESSIMU study (Enquête sur la Sexualité, la Sécurité et les Interactions en Milieu Universitaire), a broad survey of students, professors, and other employees at six francophone universities regarding sexual violence on university campuses. A total of 6,485 students with complete data on sexual violence, athlete status, and gender were included in the study. From this total, 267 participants identified themselves as varsity athletes. Data were analyzed using a series of logistic regressions on each form of violence using athlete status as a predictor and characteristics associated with sexual violence victimization or distinguishing between varsity athletes and non-athletes as confounding variables. When considering all confounding variables in the regression analyses on four yearly incidence rates of sexual violence, the results revealed that being a varsity athlete did not significantly increase the risk of exposure to sexual violence at university. All considered other variables were more significant predictors of the past year’s risk of sexual violence victimization than athlete status was.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence at University: Are Varsity Athletes More at Risk?

et al. 2022

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“…Studies from various non-sport contexts also suggest that the threat of future extralegal consequences and adverse effects in the labor market related to arrests may serve as a deterrent to future crime and violence ( Bellair et al, 2017 ). Given the prevalence of off-field violence among collegiate football players ( Beaver, 2019 ; McCray, 2019 ) and the status of NFL players as role models ( Choi & Rifon, 2007 ), it is possible that the lack of punishment at the NFL level influences behavior at the collegiate level as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Talent, More Leeway: Do Violence Against Women Arrests Really Hurt NFL Player Careers?

Sailofsky

2022

Violence Against Women

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This article examines whether arrests for an act of violence against women have a negative impact on National Football League (NFL) player careers and whether this impact has become more negative over time. Framed by criminological deterrence and conflict theories, I conduct a Bayesian multi-level negative binomial regression on a matched pairs sample of all 117 NFL players arrested for an act of violence against women between 2000 and 2019 ( n = 234). Results show that the effect of an arrest on player careers is negligible, though it has become slightly more detrimental over time. Player value and performance are stronger predictors of post-arrest career trajectories, and average or better performance negates any detrimental impact of an arrest.

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“…Additional research has found that participating in intercollegiate athletics is also linked with SV as the emphasis on competition, conquest, and aggression can lead to a "rape-prone environment" (Martin, 2016). These findings are mixed and not always consistent due, in part, to the heterogeneous nature of college sports participation (Burkhard et al, 2019), leading to calls for more research studying the differences between athletes and athletic teams (see McCray, 2019).…”

Section: At-risk Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Athlete status had little impact on a student's perceived social norms and bystander efficacy. While many scholars point to the rape prone culture, hegemonic views, and sexual aggression/coercion within athletics (Cheever & Eisenberg, 2020;Martin, 2016;McCray, 2019;Young et al, 2017), a few previous studies have found athletes and non-athletes are more similar than dissimilar in relation to SV attitudes, behaviors, and victimization (Navarro & Tewksbury, 2019;Smith & Stewart, 2003). Humphrey and Kahn (2000) argued mere athletic membership is not as important as the specific norms of existing team members that influence team culture and behaviors.…”

Section: Student-level Predictors Of Sexual Violence Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence Prevention Among Intercollegiate Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Non-Athletes: Environmental Considerations for Program Interventions

Evans

Lower‐Hoppe

McCray

et al. 2022

SSWJ

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Previous research has suggested that individual, social, and environmental factors all play a role in developing individual attitudes regarding sexual violence. On college campuses, both intercollegiate and recreational athletics provide opportunities for students to engage in group settings that can impact these attitudes. The primary purpose of this study was to examine how attitudes towards sexual violence compared across intercollegiate athlete, recreational athlete, and non-athlete populations, while accounting for other individual and school factors. Analysis of a large national dataset found very small but statistically significant differences among these groups in their personal social norms, campus social norms, and bystander efficacy regarding sexual violence. Intercollegiate athletes were slightly lower than non-athletes in their personal social norms and bystander efficacy and slightly higher in their perceived campus social norms, while recreational athletes were higher in bystander efficacy, but lower in personal and campus social norms. Other personal demographic factors, including gender identity and sexual orientation, were also significant, while most campus factors were non-significant. These findings suggest the identification of college sport as an at-risk community for sexual violence may be an oversimplification, with implications for program intervention design.

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Sexual Assault and Intercollegiate Athletes

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Sexual Violence at University: Are Varsity Athletes More at Risk?

Sexual Violence at University: Are Varsity Athletes More at Risk?

More Talent, More Leeway: Do Violence Against Women Arrests Really Hurt NFL Player Careers?

Sexual Violence Prevention Among Intercollegiate Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Non-Athletes: Environmental Considerations for Program Interventions

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