Sexual and reproductive health and HIV in border districts affected by migration and poverty in Tanzania

Obel, Josephine; Larsson, Markus; Sodemann, Morten

doi:10.3109/13625187.2014.944639

“…Evidence in different countries highlights the complexity of HIV-related issues in this setting. For instance, a study in the border area of Tanzania found that migration attributed to the high rates of unsafe sex practice, while a study in the cross-border of Mexico-the United States of America (USA) shows that opioid drug practice was common among people residing in this setting [13, 15]. Another study among female sex workers on the border between Brazil and French Guiana indicated a low rate of HIV/AIDS testing uptake due to a lack of proper services [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV- and AIDS-related knowledge and attitude of residents in border regions of Vietnam

Hoang

¹

,

Tran

²

,

Pham

³

et al. 2019

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BackgroundResidents in border areas are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS due to high rates of risk behaviors such as unprotected sexual practices or illicit drug use. Improving knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment are vital to diminish the burden of the HIV epidemic in this setting. However, evidence about this issue in Vietnam has been limited. This study aims to explore the knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS among people in Vietnam border zones.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in three border communes in Thanh Hoa province with 600 HIV(−) residents. Data about socio-demographic characteristics, general HIV knowledge, knowledge about prevention of mother-to-child transmission, treatment and care, HIV testing services, and attitude toward HIV/AIDS were collected. Multivariate Tobit regression was used to determine related factors with the knowledge and attitude.ResultsThe highest percentage of people having correct statements was for “HIV could be transmitted from mother to child” (98.2%), while the lowest percentage was for item “Know health facilities where HIV-positive people could register for care and check-up” (28.2%). People had the highest score in “Knowledge about HIV transmission routes” and the lowest score in “Knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention measures”. Most of the people were not afraid of being exposed to HIV-positive individuals (66.0%), willing to buy goods from HIV-positive sellers (78.9%), and willing to take care of people living with HIV in their family (90.1%). Education, ethnic, marital status, occupations, and HIV/AIDS information sources were found to be associated with knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS.ConclusionsThe general knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS of residents were relatively good. Educational campaigns to improve knowledge and attitude toward PLWH, involving peer educators and local associations, are potential strategies for sustaining HIV intervention in this remote setting.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12954-019-0282-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Another characteristic of some hot-spots was that most of them were found on the cross-borders of Cameroon with CAR (Mbere, Lom et Djerem, Kadey, Boumba et Ngoko) and Congo (Haut-Nyong, Océan, Dja et Lobo and Mvila) respectively. Some studies revealed that border areas are generally subjected to a high rate of unsafe sex practice and a low level of HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices [ 24 – 26 ]. This may explain the high risk of HIV infection in these subdivisions on the borders where there is high human mobility in and out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot-spots of HIV infection in Cameroon: a spatial analysis based on Demographic and Health Surveys data

Sandie

¹

,

Mbougua

²

,

Nlend³

et al. 2022

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Background The Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection prevalence in Cameroon has decreased from $$5.28\%$$ 5.28 % in 2004 to $$2.8\%$$ 2.8 % in 2018. However, this decrease in prevalence does not show disparities especially in terms of spatial or geographical pattern. Efficient control and fight against HIV infection may require targeting hotspot areas. This study aims at presenting a cartography of HIV infection situation in Cameroon using the 2004, 2011 and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey data, and investigating whether there exist spatial patterns of the disease, may help to detect hot-spots. Methods HIV biomarkers data and Global Positioning System (GPS) location data were obtained from the Cameroon 2004, 2011, and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) after an approved request from the MEASURES Demographic and Health Survey Program. HIV prevalence was estimated for each sampled area. The Moran’s I (MI) test was used to assess spatial autocorrelation. Spatial interpolation was further performed to estimate the prevalence in all surface points. Hot-spots were identified based on Getis–Ord (Gi*) spatial statistics. Data analyses were done in the R software(version 4.1.2), while Arcgis Pro software tools’ were used for all spatial analyses. Results Generally, spatial autocorrelation of HIV infection in Cameroon was observed across the three time periods of 2004 ($$MI=0.84$$ M I = 0.84 , $$p-value < 0.001$$ p - v a l u e < 0.001 ), 2011 ($$MI=0.80$$ M I = 0.80 , $$p-value < 0.001$$ p - v a l u e < 0.001 ) and 2018 ($$MI=0.87$$ M I = 0.87 , $$p-value < 0.001$$ p - v a l u e < 0.001 ). Subdivisions in which one could find persistent hot-spots for at least two periods including the last period 2018 included: Mbéré, Lom et Djerem, Kadey, Boumba et Ngoko, Haute Sanaga, Nyong et Mfoumou, Nyong et So’o Haut Nyong, Dja et Lobo, Mvila, Vallée du Ntem, Océan, Nyong et Kellé, Sanaga Maritime, Menchum, Dounga Mantung, Boyo, Mezam and Momo. However, Faro et Déo emerged only in 2018 as a subdivision with HIV infection hot-spots. Conclusion Despite the decrease in HIV epidemiology in Cameroon, this study has shown that there are spatial patterns for HIV infection in Cameroon and possible hot-spots have been identified. In its effort to eliminate HIV infection by 2030 in Cameroon, the public health policies may consider these detected HIV hot-spots, while maintaining effective control in other parts of the country.

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“…Another characteristic of cluster 1 was that most of its subdivisions were found on the cross-borders of Cameroon with CAR(Mbere, Lom et Djerem, Kadey, Boumba et Ngoko) and Congo(Haut-Nyong, Dja et Lobo and Mvila) respectively. Some studies revealed that borders areas are generally subjected to a high rate of unsafe sex practice and a low level of HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices [19,20,21]. This may explain the high risk of HIV infection in these subdivisions on the borders where there is high human mobility in and out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot-spots Clusters of HIV Infection in Cameroon: Space-time Analysis from the Demographic and Health Surveys

Sandie

¹

,

Tchatchueng

²

,

Nlend³

2021

Preprint

0

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Background : The Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection prevalence in Cameroon has consecutively decreased from 5.28% in 2004 to 2.8% in 2018. However , this total decrease in prevalence may hide some disparities especially in terms of spatial or geographical pattern. Efficient control and fighting against HIV infection requires to target hotspot areas . This study was aimed to investigate whether there is a spatial pattern of HIV in Cameroon and to determine the hot-spots clusters .Methods : HIV biomarkers data with Global Positioning System (GPS) location data were leveraged from the Cameroon 2004, 2011, and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey ( DHS ) after an approved request from the MEASURES Demographic and Health Survey Program . The spatial autocorrelation test was performed with the Moran I test through the R package " DCluster ". The discrete Poisson model was fitted to scan and detect hot-spots clusters based on the Kulldorff test with the SaTScan software version 9.4, with purely spatial and space -time analysis respectively . Finally , the data and detected clusters were imported to QGIS software version 3.20.2 for maps manipulations.Results : For the three considered periods of 2004, 2011, and 2018 respectively , there was a spatial autocorrelation of HIV infection in Cameroon . A total of 3, 5, and 2 significant hot-spots clusters were detected for the periods of 2004, 2011, and 2018 respectively . In the prospective space -time analysis , 2 significant clusters have been detected from 2004 to 2018. The relative- risk in the significant detected clusters were 2.72 (p-value =0.001 ) and 3.37 (p-value= 0.026) respectively . Cluster 1 included the following subdivisions : Mefou et Afamba , Nyong et So'o , Nyong et Mfoumou , Haute Sanaga , Mvila , Dja et lobo , Haut- Nyong , Boumba et Ngoko ; Kadey , Lom et Djerem , and Mbere . The other cluster included : Nkam , Sanaga -Maritime, and Nyong - Ekele .Conclusion : Despite the decrease of HIV epidemiology in Cameroon , the study revealed that there is a spatial pattern of HIV in Cameroon and the hot-spots clusters were detected . In its effort to eliminate HIV infection by 2030 in Cameroon , the public health policies should target more of the detected HIV hot-spots clusters in this study while maintaining effective control in other parts of the country which are cold -spots.

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Sexual and reproductive health and HIV in border districts affected by migration and poverty in Tanzania

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

HIV- and AIDS-related knowledge and attitude of residents in border regions of Vietnam

HIV- and AIDS-related knowledge and attitude of residents in border regions of Vietnam

Hot-spots of HIV infection in Cameroon: a spatial analysis based on Demographic and Health Surveys data

Hot-spots Clusters of HIV Infection in Cameroon: Space-time Analysis from the Demographic and Health Surveys

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