Sexual and non-sexual femicide in South Africa: Comparing two studies 2009 and 2017

Abstract

Sexual femicide, an abhorrent crime, is not well described and reported. The aim of the study was to describe sexual and non-sexual femicide in South Africa and compare the 2009 with the 2017 study presenting sociodemographic characteristics of victims, perpetrators, crime and forensic findings. The same retrospective study design using proportionate random sample of medico-legal laboratories were used. Sexual femicide was identified from autopsy and police reports. Findings show sexual femicide is not rare in South Africa. We estimated 451 (95% confidence interval: 366–533) sexual femicides in 2009 and 210 (95% confidence interval: 176–244) in 2017. Sexual femicides decreased by more than half from 19.1% in 2009 to 8.7% in 2017. We show an increase among younger women, those living in rural areas and strangers as perpetrators. Our dedicated studies show the value of documenting sexual femicides over time in a country with high levels of gender-based violence to assist development of theory-based prevention interventions.

Global prevalence of non-partner sexual violence against women

“… 4 , 5 Further, sexual violence can be associated with the murder of women; for example, researchers studying femicides in South Africa estimated that 19.1% in 2009 and 8.7% in 2017 were sexual femicides. 6 Sexual violence also has severe social and economic costs both for the individual and society, including the resulting lost productivity as well as costs to health, social, legal and other support services. 7 …”