Sexual and drug-use risk factors for HIV and STDs: a comparison of women with and without bisexual experiences.

Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Health Behaviors and Psychological Adjustment Among HIV-Positive Men and Women

“…Alternatively, the relationship between stigma-related experiences and poor adherence may be explained by the association of stigma to decreased illness-related social support and mental health functioning. Indeed, a number of empirical reports (Catz et al, 2000;Gonzales et al, 1999) point to an association of decreased social support and depressed mood to adherence difficulties, and exploratory analyses with the present data set point to a bivariate association of CES-D scores to medication adherence (r = −.19, p < .05). Thus, the association of stigma to adherence difficulties may be mediated by accompanying changes in depressed mood and social support.…”

Young Thai women who use methamphetamine: Intersection of sexual partnerships, drug use, and social networks

“…Almost 10% of female secondary school students in Bangkok reported "homosexual contact" (O-Prasertsawat & Petchum, 2004) and 8% of female northern Thai students aged 15-21 identified with Thai terms noted as equivalent to 'homosexual' or 'bisexual', with 10% reporting same sex attraction (van Griensven et al, 2004). Although U.S. research shows higher rates of substance use (Cochran, Ackerman, Mays, & Ross, 2004;Scheer et al, 2002) and risk behaviors (Bell, Ompad, & Sherman, 2006;Gonzales et al, 1999) among women who have sex with women, little is known about the drug use and relationship dynamics among Thai women who have female partners.…”

Health Belief Model on Psychosocial Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS Prevention Behavior on Lesbian Community in Surakarta

“…Therefore, she did Pap Smear regularly. This was supported by Gonzales et al (1999) who state that women who have sexual relation with both men and women are on higher risk with various risky behavior. Therefore, the health workers must put concern on not only the lesbian but also bisexual women who are in the higher risk to get HIV or STI.…”

“…Therefore, the health workers must put concern on not only the lesbian but also bisexual women who are in the higher risk to get HIV or STI. Gonzales et al (1999) also state that most bisexual women who suffer from AIDS in the United States are also injection drug users.…”