Sexual and asexual propagation of
            <i>Syzygium maire</i>
            , a critically endangered Myrtaceae species of New Zealand

Bettoni, Jean Carlos; Walt, Karin van der; Souza, Juliana Aparecida de; McLachlan, Andrew; Jayanthi, N.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.2022.2158110

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…The formation of ARs is of great practical importance in horticulture, but many important plant species, especially those belonging to woody species, are difficult to root [9]. Since auxins have been shown to be effective in AR formation, exogenous application of auxin is used to promote rooting of cuttings in several plant species [10][11][12][13]. The most commonly used exogenous auxin is indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Physiological Age of Stock Plant Material Affect the Uptake of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) in Leafy Cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’?

Kunc,

Medic,

Veberic

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of exogenously added indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as an adventitious root (AR) inducer. The concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in leafy cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ from stock material of different physiological ages was analyzed at three evaluation time points (1, 4, 24 h). We examined three stock plants: a physiologically mature stock plant (approximately 60 years old); physiologically rejuvenated plants (16 years old) that were previously propagated by cuttings from semi-mature stock material; and in vitro juvenile stock material. For IBA to effectively induce AR formation, it must first be converted into the active hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The total concentration of IAA in the first 24 h after cutting was evaluated according to the physiological age of the stock material and the IAA concentration in the cuttings according to the evaluation time points was assessed. We also examined rooting success and the quality of the adventitious root system depending on the physiological age of the stock material. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify the phytohormones. The difference in rooting and quality of the developed AR was observed between semi-mature stock and mature stock material. Cuttings from semi-mature plants rooted in 95.00 ± 5.00% of cases, while cuttings from mature stock plants only rooted in 68.33 ± 4.09%. Successfully rooted cuttings from mature stock material were accompanied by callus formation, which was significantly lower in cuttings from semi-mature stock material. Our results show that the interaction between physiological age and time after severance had no effect on IBA concentration in the cuttings (p = 0.907). Duration of time elapsed since severing (evaluation time points) had a significant effect on the uptake of IBA (p = 0.002 **) and IAA (p = 0.0009 ***) in the cuttings. Physiological age had a significant effect on IAA concentration in the early stages of AR formation in the cuttings (p = 0.038*). Our results suggest that the dynamics of other endogenous phytohormones and the physiological state of the stock plant are also important for AR formation, as the proportion of successfully rooted cuttings from semi-mature stock material was significantly higher than the proportion of successfully rooted cuttings from mature stock material, irrespective of IBA uptake in stock material of different ages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Physiological Age of Stock Plant Material Affect the Uptake of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) in Leafy Cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’?

Kunc,

Medic,

Veberic

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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De-novo assembly of a reference genome for a critically threatened Aotearoa New Zealand tree species, Syzygium maire (Myrtaceae)

Balkwill,

Deslippe,

Horton

et al. 2024

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Aotearoa New Zealand’s swamp forests have experienced significant habitat loss in fewer than two hundred years. Many of the country’s tree species are endemic with sparse to no genetic information available to underpin conservation strategies. Syzygium maire, Aotearoa’s only endemic Syzygium species, is a culturally and ecologically important component of swamp forest habitats. Unfortunately, populations of S. maire have been greatly reduced, heavily fragmented and are susceptible to the emergent pathogen Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust), posing eminent danger of a further decline of the species. We sought to develop genomic resources to inform conservation management of S. maire. To this end, we used long read, high accuracy sequencing technology to produce a highly complete reference quality genome for S. maire. The genome sequence was named ‘Ngā Hua o te Ia Whenua’ by the local Māori tribe where the tree used for genome sequencing grows. We assess whether genome-level divergence with other Myrtaceae may have followed geographic isolation of the species. We detect conservation of large scale synteny between three Syzygium species and Eucalyptus grandis, providing support for the stability of Syzygium genomes across evolutionary time. We annotate genes implicated in fungal pathogen defence, identifying several hundred putative NLR genes, including putative homologs of previously identified Austropuccinia psidii resistance genes. Finally, we evaluate the genetic relationships of individuals of a small, isolated population of trees. We find evidence of high levels of kinship and inbreeding within small and isolated S. maire populations, informing local-scale conservation strategies for the species. Our findings enable practical conservation actions and provide resources for larger scale studies of S. maire and other Syzygium species in the future.

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Seed Propagation of Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios Using Various Treatments of Substrates and Mechanical Seed Scarification in a Nursery in the Andean Area of Northwestern Ecuador

Villota-González,

Palacios,

Villota González

et al. 2024

Forests

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Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios is a forest species known solely from Cerro Golondrinas in northwestern Ecuador. The species is threatened due to illegal exploitation of its wood and the encroachment of the agricultural frontier. Although information on its ecology and forestry was presented in 2012, there is still very little information available. This study investigated the effects of various pre-germinative treatments on the seed germination and early growth of Carapa amorphocarpa in a nursery. The treatments included combinations of substrates (forest soil alone and forest soil mixed with sand), along with pre-germinative mechanical seed scarification. Through these treatments, the seeds’ germination capacity, growth potential, and survival rates were evaluated in a nursery. Seed germination was found to be cryptocotylar hypogeal, commencing at 41 days and achieving an average of 83.13%. Survival of germinated seedlings was 99.23% at 60 days after germination. Furthermore, a high degree of correlation in growth was observed between basal diameter and plant height (R = 0.94). The mean values for the plants’ basal diameter and total height were 0.91 cm and 50.48 cm, respectively, at 60 days. Plant form was straight with excellent health. These insights offer the potential to enhance species populations, mitigate threat risks, and in the long term, foster sustainable use of Carapa amorphocarpa genetic resources. Moreover, this seed propagation information can be leveraged for other species within the genus exploited for oil extraction from their seeds, thereby broadening knowledge and facilitating sustainable forest resource management.

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Sexual and asexual propagation of Syzygium maire , a critically endangered Myrtaceae species of New Zealand

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Does the Physiological Age of Stock Plant Material Affect the Uptake of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) in Leafy Cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’?

Does the Physiological Age of Stock Plant Material Affect the Uptake of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) in Leafy Cuttings of Prunus subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’?

De-novo assembly of a reference genome for a critically threatened Aotearoa New Zealand tree species, Syzygium maire (Myrtaceae)

Seed Propagation of Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios Using Various Treatments of Substrates and Mechanical Seed Scarification in a Nursery in the Andean Area of Northwestern Ecuador

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