Sexing of Human Clavicles Using Length and Circumference Measurements

McCormick, William F.; Stewart, John H.; Greene, Holly M

doi:10.1097/00000433-199106000-00017

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…The results of this study are consistent with those of others (Akhlaghi et al, 2012;Frutos, 2002;McCormick et al, 1991;Thieme and Schull, 1957) and show that in this medieval British population the measurements of maximum clavicular length, clavicular vertical diameter, clavicular sagittal diameter and Circumference are all larger in males than in females. The values for the polar second moment of area (J) are also significantly higher in males than females which was expected as males tend tobe more physically active.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is consistent with other studies which have reached accuracies of over 92% of cases classified correctly (Frutos, 2002;Kaur et al, 1997;McCormick et al, 1991;Murphy, 1994;Steel, 1966). The use of clavicular dimensions followed by stepwise discriminant function analysis is highly accurate, allowing for the regression equation to be applied and increase reliability.…”

Section: [Enter Figure 1 Here]supporting

confidence: 90%

“…According to several studies, certain measurements of the clavicle have been proven to be dimorphic, such as the maximum clavicular length (Akhlaghi et al, 2012;Albanese, 2013;Frutos, 2002;Králík et al, 2014;McCormick et al, 1991;Spradley and Jantz, 2011;Thieme and Schull, 1957;Tise et al, 2013). Due to the high accuracies obtained by these studies, certain measurements are frequently used in sex estimation of the clavicle, such as maximum clavicular length, clavicular vertical diameter, clavicular sagittal diameter and Circumference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing size and strength of the clavicle for its usefulness for sex estimation in a British medieval sample

Atterton

Groote

Eliopoulos

2016

HOMO

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The construction of the biological profile from human skeletal remains is the foundation of anthropological examination. However, remains may be fragmentary and the elements usually employed, such as the pelvis and skull, are not available. The clavicle has been successfully used for sex estimation in samples from Iran and Greece. In the present study the aim was to test the suitability of the measurements used in those previous studies on a British Medieval population. In addition, the project tested whether discrimination between sexes was due to size or clavicular strength.The sample consisted of 23 females and 25 males of pre-determined sex from two medieval collections: Poulton and Gloucester. Six measurements were taken using an osteometric board, sliding callipers and graduate tape. In addition, putty rings and bi-planar radiographs were made and robusticity measures calculated. The resulting variables were used in stepwise discriminant analyses.The linear measurements allowed correct sex classification in 89.6% of all individuals.This demonstrates the applicability of the clavicle for sex estimation in British populations.The most powerful discriminant factor was maximum clavicular length and the best combination of factors was maximum clavicular length and circumference. This result is similar to that obtained by other studies.To further investigate the extent of sexual dimorphism of the clavicle, the biomechanical properties of the polar second moment of area J and the ratio of maximum to minimum bending rigidity are included in the analysis. These were found to have little influence when entered into the discriminant function analysis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: [Enter Figure 1 Here]supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing size and strength of the clavicle for its usefulness for sex estimation in a British medieval sample

Atterton

Groote

Eliopoulos

2016

HOMO

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“…10 Overall accuracy was 93.7 % in this study which is like McCormick et al, Murphy et al and Luise Frutos studies. 11,13,14 However, overall accuracy was much higher in current study when compared to Mitra Akhlaghi et al study. 15 This is attributed to the racial differences, and environmental factors affecting the growth or sampling method of the studied population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Determination of sex of adult human clavicle by discriminant function analysis in Marathwada region of Maharashtra

Doshi

Reddy

2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Determination of biological sex is one of the most important determinations to be made from human remains and is an essential first step in the development of the biological profile in forensics, anthropology and bioarchaeology. The aim of this study was to determine whether sexing of unknown adult human clavicles can be done by applying values of morphometric parameters and formulae generated by present study on adult human clavicles of known sex and to find out the best parameters for sex determination.Methods: Various metric measurements were recorded using osteo metric board, measuring tape, non-elastic thread, sliding calipers and vernier calipers on adult human clavicles.Results: Sex was correctly estimated by using stepwise discriminant function analysis, for the clavicle 93.3 % of males and 94.4% of females, with a total accuracy of 93.7 %. Direct discriminant function analysis, correct estimated sex for the clavicle was 93.9 % in males and 93.3% in females with a total accuracy of 93.7 %.Conclusions: Present study exhibited better classification accuracy for multiple variables than those of single variables. In the clavicle, the most discriminating variables in stepwise analysis are the mid clavicular circumference, posterior curved length, medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 junction circumference and Weight. In direct analysis, the single most useful variable was the mid clavicular circumference.

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“…En 1980 Stewart y McCormick inician la publicación de una serie de trabajos relativos a la osificación de los cartílagos costales valorada radiográficamente en petos esterno-costales extraídos de cadáveres autopsiados [25,26,27,28,29]. Al final de esta serie de estudios, la muestra total analizada había incluido a 1989 sujetos, 1318 hombres y 671 mujeres entre 15 y 99 años de edad.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Osificación del cartílago costal de la primera costilla en relación con la edad: Aplicaciones en la estimación forense de la edad

Garamendi¹,

Landa²,

Aguilera

et al. 2007

Cuad. med. forense

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RESUMENSe presenta un estudio sobre una muestra de 123 radiografías digitales de tórax de sujetos entre 5 y 75 años de edad en las que se ha analizado el estado de osificación del cartílago costal de la primera costilla. En este estudio el estadio 0 de osificación suele asociarse con edades entre 5 y 19 años. Los estadios de osificación 2 y 3 se han asociado con edades mínimas de 24 años de edad. Autores previos (Michelson, 1934) ya habían indicado que la edad mínima a la que los sujetos estudiados presentaban un estadio 3 de osificación era de 21 años de edad. Se sugiere la posibilidad de integrar el estudio de la osificación de la primera costilla entre los datos diagnósticos manejados para la estimación forense de edad en sujetos vivos basada en las recomendaciones del AGFAD del año 2000.Palabras clave: Primera costilla; osificación; cartílago costal; edad; estimación forense de la edad. Cuad Med Forense 2007; 13(50):243-253 ABSTRACTThe results of a research on ossification of first rib cartilage in a Spanish population are presented in this paper. Our sample is constituted by 123 digital x-rays studies had made up our sample. Minimum subject age has been 5 years old and maximum age 75 years old. Stage 0 has been usually found out in subjects between 5 and 19 years of age. Stages 2 and 3 had been found out in subjects at a minimum age of 24 years old. Previous researches had pointed out that stage 3 could be observed in subjects at an age of at least 21 years of age. We suggest that the analysis of the ossification degree of the first rib cartilage could be useful as a complementary method for the forensic estimation of age based on radiographic methods.

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Sexing of Human Clavicles Using Length and Circumference Measurements

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing size and strength of the clavicle for its usefulness for sex estimation in a British medieval sample

Assessing size and strength of the clavicle for its usefulness for sex estimation in a British medieval sample

Determination of sex of adult human clavicle by discriminant function analysis in Marathwada region of Maharashtra

Osificación del cartílago costal de la primera costilla en relación con la edad: Aplicaciones en la estimación forense de la edad

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