Sexing a wider range of avian species based on two CHD1 introns with a unified reaction condition

Abstract

Identifying the sex of a bird is important to ensure successful breeding strategies and effective conservation programs. Sex may be identified from the intron size of the CHD1 gene located on the avian sex chromosomes Z and W. However, because of the great nucleotide diversity across different avian species, no given intron is in widespread use without ambiguous results. Complicated modifications of the reaction condition are required to suit different species. Two CHD1 introns were used with a unified reaction condition in this study to simplify the procedure. Consequently, genders of 73 avian species covering 19 families were successfully identified based on this two-intron approach. This means the ability to sex a wider range of avian species using a simplified procedure, greatly assisting in population management at zoos. Zoo Biol 26:425-431, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Rowley Review

“…For example, the conserved W-linked gene, CHD-W (ChromoHelicase DNA-binding protein-W linked) has a homologue on the Z (CHD-Z) but the two sequences can be distinguished by different sized introns, or by the presence of unique restriction enzyme sites (Griffiths et al 1996;Chang et al 2008). This has allowed the use of the sex-linked CHD gene for the molecular sexing of several different birds, including rare species (Ellegren 1996;Griffiths et al 1998;Wang et al 2007). The last remaining Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) was sexed in this way (Griffiths and Tlwarl 1995).…”

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of (2E,3E)-N1,N2-Bis(4-chlorobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine

“…Schiff bases are known to have biological activities such as antimicrobial [2][3][4] , antitumor 5 and herbicidal properties 6 . They have also been widely used as versatile ligands involved in various metal chelation reactions to form metal complexes [7][8][9] , which are very intreresting in many fields, such as catalysis and enzymatic reactions 10,11 and magnetism 12 .…”

“…They have also been widely used as versatile ligands involved in various metal chelation reactions to form metal complexes [7][8][9] , which are very intreresting in many fields, such as catalysis and enzymatic reactions 10,11 and magnetism 12 . Recently, a few Schiff base compounds with antibacterial activity have been investigated 4,[13][14][15] . In this paper, (2E,3E)-N 1 ,N 2 -bis(4-chlorobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine was synthesized and its molecular structure was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR and X-ray crystallographic techniques.…”

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of (E)-1-(4-Chlorobenzylidene)semicarbazide

“…Schiff bases are known to have biological activities such as antimicrobial [2][3][4] , antitumor 5 , mesomorphic 6 and herbicidal 7 properties. They have also been widely used as versatile ligands involved in various metal chelation reactions to form metal complexes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , which are very intreresting in many fields, such as biochemical activity [11][12][13] , catalysis and enzymatic reactions 14,15 and magnetism 16 .…”

“…They have also been widely used as versatile ligands involved in various metal chelation reactions to form metal complexes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , which are very intreresting in many fields, such as biochemical activity [11][12][13] , catalysis and enzymatic reactions 14,15 and magnetism 16 . Recently, a few Schiff base compounds have been investigated 3,4,17,18 . Investigation on the structure of the Schiff base compounds may be helpful to design and synthesise new metal complexes.…”