Sex Without Disclosure of Positive HIV Serostatus in a US Probability Sample of Persons Receiving Medical Care for HIV Infection

Ciccarone, Daniel; Kanouse, David E.; Collins, Rebecca L.; Miu, Angela; Chen, James L.; Morton, Sally C.; Stall, Ronald D.

doi:10.2105/ajph.93.6.949

Cited by 121 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Individuals with HIV themselves have affirmed, in qualitative interviews, that issues of moral responsibility and informed consent obligate disclosure to sexual partners in certain situations (Klitzman & Bayer, 2003;Sobo, 1995). As we noted elsewhere, failing to disclose HIVpositive status might be considered "morally indefensible because it precludes the partner's exercising informed choice about the level of risk he or she would like to assume" (Ciccarone et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Finally, we were unable, due to limitations in sample size, to examine whether our findings vary among the major subgroups making up the population living with HIV. The circumstances and beliefs related to disclosure or lack of disclosure may be different for gay and bisexual men, heterosexual men, and women (Ciccarone et al, 2003), or for those in a steady relationship versus casual relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional nine cases were ineligible because self-reported and interviewer observed gender were inconsistent at HCSUS baseline. Eligible white gay men aged 40 and over were sampled with probability one-third, eligible white gay men aged 39 and younger were sampled with probability 4/9, and all other groups were sampled with a probability of one (Ciccarone et al, 2003). The sample was weighted to represent the population of English-speaking HIV-positive adults receiving medical care in the United States in 1996 who survived for at least 2 years.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Risk and Prevention survey had a response rate of 84% after an adjustment for known mortality. The final size of the overall sample was 1,421 respondents (Ciccarone et al, 2003).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of those who do so face difficult personal situations related to disclosure of their positive serostatus, balancing the desire to be forthright with prospective sexual partners against the risk of rejection. Within a nationally representative sample, 28% of HIV-positive individuals report engaging in sex without disclosure of their serostatus within a 6-month period (Ciccarone et al, 2003). Rates of disclosure of HIV positivity to sexual partners vary from approximately 2% to as high as 75% of respondents in other studies, due in part to the use of different outcome measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates of sex without serostatus disclosure among a national probability sample of HIV patients

et al. 2006

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We examined potential correlates of sex without HIV disclosure within a sample of 875 participants from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. Interviews with each participant assessed sexual activities with up to six recent partners, and this study included both respondent and partnership characteristics. Compared with marriage and/or primary same-sex relationsips, occasional partnerships and one-time encounters were associated with sex with disclosure, and shorter relationships were more likely to involve sex without disclosure. Knowledge of partner scrostatus was also associated with sex without disclosure. Women were less likely to have sex without disclosure than men having sex with men. We found an association between the perceived duty to disclosure to all partners and sex without disclosure, while we found no association in multivariate analyses between outcome expectancies and sex without disclosure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Risk and Prevention survey had a response rate of 84% after an adjustment for known mortality. The final size of the overall sample was 1,421 respondents (Ciccarone et al, 2003).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates of sex without serostatus disclosure among a national probability sample of HIV patients

et al. 2006

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Misrepresentation and Nonadherence Regarding COVID-19 Public Health Measures

et al. 2022

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ImportanceThe effectiveness of public health measures implemented to mitigate the spread and impact of SARS-CoV-2 relies heavily on honesty and adherence from the general public.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency of, reasons for, and factors associated with misrepresentation and nonadherence regarding COVID-19 public health measures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study recruited a national, nonprobability sample of US adults to participate in an online survey using Qualtrics online panels (participation rate, 1811 of 2260 [80.1%]) from December 8 to 23, 2021. The survey contained screening questions to allow for a targeted sample of one-third who had had COVID-19, one-third who had not had COVID-19 and were vaccinated, and one-third who had not had COVID-19 and were unvaccinated.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe survey assessed 9 different types of misrepresentation and nonadherence related to COVID-19 public health measures and the reasons underlying such behaviors. Additional questions measured COVID-19–related beliefs and behaviors and demographic characteristics.ResultsThe final sample included 1733 participants. The mean (SD) participant age was 41 (15) years and the sample predominantly identified as female (1143 of 1732 [66.0%]) and non-Hispanic White (1151 of 1733 [66.4%]). Seven hundred twenty-one participants (41.6%) reported misrepresentation and/or nonadherence in at least 1 of the 9 items; telling someone they were with or about to be with in person that they were taking more COVID-19 preventive measures than they actually were (420 of 1726 [24.3%]) and breaking quarantine rules (190 of 845 [22.5%]) were the most common manifestations. The most commonly endorsed reasons included wanting life to feel normal and wanting to exercise personal freedom. All age groups younger than 60 years (eg, odds ratio for those aged 18-29 years, 4.87 [95% CI, 3.27-7.34]) and those who had greater distrust in science (odds ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05-1.23]) had significantly higher odds of misrepresentation and/or nonadherence for at least 1 of the 9 items.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of US adults, nearly half of participants reported misrepresentation and/or nonadherence regarding public health measures against COVID-19. Future work is needed to examine strategies for communicating the consequences of misrepresentation and nonadherence and to address contributing factors.

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HIV Disclosure and Safer Sex

Simoni¹,

Pantalone²

Positive Prevention

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Sex Without Disclosure of Positive HIV Serostatus in a US Probability Sample of Persons Receiving Medical Care for HIV Infection

Abstract: Risky sex without disclosure of serostatus is not uncommon among people with HIV.

Cited by 121 publications

References 30 publications

Correlates of sex without serostatus disclosure among a national probability sample of HIV patients

Correlates of sex without serostatus disclosure among a national probability sample of HIV patients

Misrepresentation and Nonadherence Regarding COVID-19 Public Health Measures

HIV Disclosure and Safer Sex

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