Sex steroid modulation of thymic hormone production in thymus epithelial cell culture

He, Wei; Sakabe, Kou; Sakai, Norie; Seiki, Kanji

doi:10.1016/0928-4680(96)00011-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As neither the thymocyte diameter nor their numerical density were altered in any of the thymic compartments, it seems clear that the TP treatment affected the nonlymphoid thymic component as well. These findings are consistent with data showing that: (i) TEC localized in the medullary region, as well as those situated in the subcapsular cortex and corticomedullary junction, express receptors for ovarian steroid hormones [22,23] and (ii) both estrogen and progesterone may influence proliferation, differentiation and secretory capacity of these cells [22,23,49]. Furthermore, it should be stressed that: (i) the size of the medullary nonlymphoid component is highly dependent upon the presence of mature medullary thymocytes, and (ii) this dependence is maintained throughout life [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Thus, the present finding of a reduced size of the nonlymphoid medullary component in NA rats, which is in agreement with data obtained in ER· knockout mice [43], suggests an alteration in intracortical T-cell maturation. However, in light of a suggested symbiotic relationship between developing thymocytes and maturing TEC [49,51], the changes in the nonlymphoid medullary component may not only be regarded as secondary to those in the lymphoid component, but also as independent and at least partly associated with those in the lymphoid component. Furthermore, it has been suggested that optimal size and organization of the medullary stroma is required for tolerance induction, and that its disruption might be indicative of, if not one of the causes of, predisposition to the development of autoimmunity [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Androgenization Affects the Intrathymic T-Cell Maturation in Rats

Leposavić

Pejčić-Karapetrović

Kosec

2005

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The thymus structure, expression of CD4/CD8/TCRαβ on thymocytes and thymocyte proliferative and apoptotic indexes were analyzed in sexually immature 30-day-old and in sexually mature 60-day-old female rats neonatally androgenized (NA) by subcutaneous injection of 500 µg testosterone propionate/day on days 1–3 and in their vehicle-administered counterparts. The treatment affected normal thymus development. Thus, at 30 days of age, there was a reduction in the thymus weight, reflecting a decrease in the main thymic compartments. However, at 60 days of age, thymus weight did not significantly differ from that in age-matched controls, since the cortical volume enlargement was followed by a proportional decrease in the medullary volume. In rats of both ages, the changes in thymic compartments most likely reflected alterations in the size of both lymphoid and nonlymphoid components. Furthermore, in NA rats, substantial changes in thymocyte phenotypic characteristics were registered, in spite of their age. In both groups of NA rats, a decrease in the relative proportion of the least mature CD4–8–TCRαβ– cells and in that of CD4+8– TCRαβ–/TCRαβ^low cells followed by an increase in the percentage of their successor CD4+8+TCRαβ–/TCRαβ^low cells was detected. In addition, in 30-day-old NA rats, the relative proportions of CD4+8+TCRαβ^high cells (just positively selected) and that of mature single positive (CD4+8– and CD4–8+) and CD4–8– double negative TCRαβ^high cells, were reduced, while in 60-day-old NA rats only the percentage of CD4+8+TCRαβ^high thymocytes was decreased. Thus, the study showed that the changes in the development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis induced by neonatal androgenization may affect the thymus development and intrathymic T-cell maturation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Androgenization Affects the Intrathymic T-Cell Maturation in Rats

Leposavić

Pejčić-Karapetrović

Kosec

2005

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…Estrogen receptors in the thymus are localized mainly in the thymic epithelial cells (TECs), but they are also found in thymocytes. Estrogen‐modulated synthesis of thymic hormones and IL‐7 by TECs is important in the normal development of the thymus both in females and males (119–122, 136). The estrogen receptor is a member of the steroid receptor family.…”

Section: Effects Mediated By Steroid Hormone Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genistein decreased thymocyte number and the percentage of DP and SP CD4 + thymocytes in young mice, but did not influence the development of thymocytes in old mice (160). Various endocrine disrupters (genistein, coumestrol, α‐zearalanol, bisphenol‐A), similarly to the high‐dose of 17β‐estradiol, inhibit the production of thymosin‐α by cultured TECs, inhibiting thymocyte development (113, 136). ER‐mediated thymic gene expression is important for thymocyte maturation.…”

Section: Effects Mediated By Steroid Hormone Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenobiotic‐induced alterations in thymocyte development

Drela

2006

APMIS

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The thymus is a very sensitive target for environmental pollutants, which can affect this organ as well as thymocyte differentiation. A failure in thymocyte development can be due to the exacerbation of apoptosis, arrest of thymocyte maturation, generation of autoreactive T cells, and inhibition or stimulation of the output of recent thymic emigrants to the periphery. Recent data demonstrate that the immune system has the potential to maintain homeostasis under conditions of elevated risk, and the thymus plays a crucial role in this process. Environmental xenobiotics can exert their effects through receptor-mediated interactions or independently on receptor involvement. Under natural conditions organisms are exposed to a variety of xenobiotics. The final effect of such exposure is not related to the action of a single chemical, but to the action of a mixture of chemicals. The toxic effect of environmental xenobiotics on the generation and functions of immune cells may result in suppression or stimulation of the immune response. The most intensive studies have been done on halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and various chemicals acting as endocrine disrupters. Recently, special interest has focused on the action of air particulate matter.

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Oestrogen receptor distribution related to functional thymus anatomy of the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax

Paiola

Knigge

Picchietti

et al. 2017

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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In jawed vertebrates, the crosstalk between immune and endocrine system as well as many fundamental mechanisms of T cell development are evolutionary conserved. Oestrogens affect mammalian thymic function and plasticity, but the mechanisms of action and the oestrogen receptors involved remain unclear. To corroborate the oestrogenic regulation of thymic function in teleosts and to identify the implicated oestrogen receptor subtypes, we examined the distribution of nuclear and membrane oestrogen receptors within the thymus of the European Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, in relation to its morpho-functional organisation. Immunohistological analysis specified thymus histology and organisation in teleosts and described, for the first time, Hassall's corpuscle like structures in the medulla of sea bass. All oestrogen receptors were expressed at the transcript and protein level, both in T cells and in stromal cells belonging to specific functional areas. These observations suggest complex regulatory actions of oestrogen on thymic function, notably through the stromal microenvironment, comprising both, genomic and non-genomic pathways that are likely to affect T cell maturation and trafficking processes. Comparison with birds, rodents and humans supports the thymic localization of oestrogen receptors and suggests that oestrogens modulate T cell maturation in all gnathostomes.

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Sex steroid modulation of thymic hormone production in thymus epithelial cell culture

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Neonatal Androgenization Affects the Intrathymic T-Cell Maturation in Rats

Neonatal Androgenization Affects the Intrathymic T-Cell Maturation in Rats

Xenobiotic‐induced alterations in thymocyte development

Oestrogen receptor distribution related to functional thymus anatomy of the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax

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