Sex-specific strategies of dentine depletion in red deer

Carranza, Juan; Martín, Concha Mateos; Alarcos, Susana; Sánchez-Prieto, Cristina B.; Valencia, Juliana

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00903.x

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, differences in incisor wear, perhaps related to sexual dimorphism in incisor size, would be expected between the sexes. In red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), males had a faster molar wear rate than females (Loe et al ., ; Carranza et al ., , ); however, their relative (or even absolute) molar sizes were smaller than those of females (Carranza et al ., ). This counteracts the expectation that faster molar wear in males of dimorphic species, owing to their consumption of more tough plant material than females (Bell, ; Jarman, ; Staines, Crisp & Parish, ), would result in an evolutionary increase in molar size, particularly in height, in males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female sika deer have evolved larger incisors than males under relaxed selection against rapid tooth wear

Kubo

Minami

Higuchi³

et al. 2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Incisor size is associated with feeding efficiency in herbivorous ungulates and may have been under selection in correspondence with food habits. In the meantime, males of polygynous, dimorphic species have smaller cheek teeth than females, possibly because their reproductive span is much shorter than that of females. Thus, males are not under selection for more durable teeth when there is no reproductive return. Therefore, incisor size is expected to be under natural selection against wear and under the influence of sex‐based differences in reproductive strategy. We first investigated incisor wear in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) and compared wear rates between the sexes and two ecologically contrasting populations on Kinkazan Island and Mt. Goyo. We then compared unworn incisor size to test the hypotheses that female deer have relatively larger incisors than males and a population with faster incisor wear has larger incisors. The Kinkazan deer showed significantly faster wear than those on Mt. Goyo, and Kinkazan males had faster wear than Kinkazan females. Unworn incisor size was relatively larger for females than that for males and was larger for Kinkazan deer than that for Mt. Goyo deer. The sex‐based difference in incisor size was greater in Mt. Goyo deer than that in Kinkazan deer. These findings support the hypothesis that sex‐based differences in reproductive span result in larger incisor size for female sika deer and imply that strong natural selection against rapid tooth wear diminishes sex‐based differences in incisor size in Kinkazan deer. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110, 384–397.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female sika deer have evolved larger incisors than males under relaxed selection against rapid tooth wear

Kubo

Minami

Higuchi³

et al. 2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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“…Tooth wear was estimated by measuring, with the aid of a calliper and a magnifying glass, the thickness of the dentine on the sectioned mesial section of M 1 (molar height, MH, ± 0.1 mm) from the top of the cementum of the radicular pad to the middle point of the sectioned crown [ 7 , 26 ]. It has been noted that although crown formation in M 1 is fully complete at the age of 4 months [ 19 , 29 ], the completion of eruption and final positioning of the molar in the mandible does not take place until 3 years of age in red deer [ 19 , 20 ], and teeth also move in the mandible at very old age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As ungulate teeth are not replaceable or repairable, their rate of wear is a useful indicator of accumulative life energy investment in intake and mastication and their interactions with diet, as the abrasive effect of forage, phytoliths and soil adhered to external surfaces differs between plants, their stage of maturity and environments [ 3 , 4 ]. Due to this accumulative effect, tooth wear provides a longitudinal view of the animal’s strategy to balance current intake and lifetime maintenance [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Teeth in male and female deer differ in life span [ 5 , 7 ] and size relative to body size [ 16 , 21 ]. These differences are the result of sexual selection acting on males and females, either because of sex-differences in diet selection [ 22 ] or in the optimal timing of tooth use relative to the sex-specific timing of growth and reproduction across lifetime [ 7 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear Fast, Die Young: More Worn Teeth and Shorter Lives in Iberian Compared to Scottish Red Deer

2015

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Teeth in Cervidae are permanent structures that are not replaceable or repairable; consequently their rate of wear, due to the grinding effect of food and dental attrition, affects their duration and can determine an animal's lifespan. Tooth wear is also a useful indicator of accumulative life energy investment in intake and mastication and their interactions with diet. Little is known regarding how natural and sexual selection operate on dental structures within a species in contrasting environments and how these relate to life history traits to explain differences in population rates of tooth wear and longevity. We hypothesised that populations under harsh environmental conditions should be selected for more hypsodont teeth while sexual selection may maintain similar sex differences within different populations. We investigated the patterns of tooth wear in males and females of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in Southern Spain and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) across Scotland, that occur in very different environments, using 10343 samples from legal hunting activities. We found higher rates of both incisor and molar wear in the Spanish compared to Scottish populations. However, Scottish red deer had larger incisors at emergence than Iberian red deer, whilst molars emerged at a similar size in both populations and sexes. Iberian and Scottish males had earlier tooth depletion than females, in support of a similar sexual selection process in both populations. However, whilst average lifespan for Iberian males was 4 years shorter than that for Iberian females and Scottish males, Scottish males only showed a reduction of 1 year in average lifespan with respect to Scottish females. More worn molars were associated with larger mandibles in both populations, suggesting that higher intake and/or greater investment in food comminution may have favoured increased body growth, before later loss of tooth efficiency due to severe wear. These results illustrate how independent selection in both subspecies, that diverged 11,700 years BP, has resulted in the evolution of different longevity, although sexual selection has maintained a similar pattern of relative sex differences in tooth depletion. This study opens interesting questions on optimal allocation in life history trade-offs and the independent evolution of allopatric populations.

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“…Teeth wear, because they contact each other or are abraded by particles ingested during feeding. Because wear cannot be avoided, abrasive particles ingested, largely impact tooth function and life expectancy (Carranza et al 2004, Carranza et al 2008, Ozaki et al 2009, Skogland 1988, and thus overall energy intake and chewing efficiency (e.g. Clauss et al (2008), Fritz et al (2009), Kaiser et al (2010), Schwarm et al (2009)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-indentation of native phytoliths and dental tissues: implications for herbivore-plant combat and dental wear proxies

Kaiser¹,

Braune²,

Kalinka³

et al. 2018

EvolSyst

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Tooth wear induced by abrasive particles is a key process affecting dental function and life expectancy in mammals. Abrasive particles may be plant endogenous opal phytoliths, exogene wind-blown quartz dust or rain borne mineral particles ingested by mammals. Nano-indentation hardness of abrasive particles and dental tissues is a significant yet not fully established parameter of this tribological system. We provide consistent nano-indentation hardness data for some of the major antagonists in the dental tribosystem (tooth enamel, tooth dentine and opaline phytoliths from silica controlled cultivation). All indentation data were gathered from native tissues under stable and controlled conditions and thus maximize comparability to natural systems. Here we show that native (hydrated) wild boar enamel exceeds any hardness measures known for dry herbivore tooth enamel by at least 3 GPa. The native tooth enamel is not necessarily softer then environmental quartz grit, although there is little overlap. The native hardness of the tooth enamel exceeds that of any silica phytolith hardness recently published. Further, we find that native reed phytoliths equal native suine dentine in hardness, but does not exceed native suine enamel. We also find that native suine enamel is significantly harder than dry enamel and dry phytoliths are harder than native phytoliths. Our data challenge the claim that the culprit of tooth wear may be the food we chew, but suggest instead that wear may relates more to exogenous than endogenous abrasives.

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Sex-specific strategies of dentine depletion in red deer

Cited by 20 publications

References 61 publications

Female sika deer have evolved larger incisors than males under relaxed selection against rapid tooth wear

Female sika deer have evolved larger incisors than males under relaxed selection against rapid tooth wear

Wear Fast, Die Young: More Worn Teeth and Shorter Lives in Iberian Compared to Scottish Red Deer

Nano-indentation of native phytoliths and dental tissues: implications for herbivore-plant combat and dental wear proxies

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