Sex-specific muscle and metabolic biomarkers associated with gait speed and cognitive transitions in older adults: a 9-year follow-up

Waters, Debra L.; Vlietstra, Lara; Qualls, Clifford; Morley, John E.; Vellas, Bruno

doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00163-7

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sex‐based subgroups analysis revealed borderline significant improvement in maximal gait speed among men. Reasons for the difference in training response may lie in sex‐specific muscle and metabolic biomarkers that are associated with gait speed and cognition 38 . Even though the subgroup analyses of this study were preplanned, the number of participants in these analyses do not allow us to draw definite conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

Sipilä

Tirkkonen

Savikangas

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Gait speed is a measure of health and functioning. Physical and cognitive determinants of gait are amenable to interventions, but best practices remain unclear. We investigated the effects of a 12‐month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) on gait speed, dual‐task cost in gait speed, and executive functions (EFs) compared with physical training (PT) (ISRCTN52388040). Community‐dwelling older adults, who did not meet physical activity recommendations, were recruited (n = 314). PT included supervised walking/balance (once weekly) and resistance/balance training (once weekly), home exercises (2–3 times weekly), and moderate aerobic activity 150 min/week in bouts of >10 min. PTCT included the PT and computer training (CT) on EFs 15–20 min, 3–4 times weekly. The primary outcome was gait speed. Secondary outcomes were 6‐min walking distance, dual‐task cost in gait speed, and EF (Stroop and Trail Making B‐A). The trial was completed by 93% of the participants (age 74.5 [SD3.8] years; 60% women). Mean adherence to supervised sessions was 59%–72% in PT and 62%–77% in PTCT. Home exercises and CT were performed on average 1.9 times/week. Weekly minutes spent in aerobic activities were 188 (median 169) in PT and 207 (median 180) in PTCT. No significant interactions were observed for gait speed (PTCT‐PT, 0.02; 95%CI −0.03, 0.08), walking distance (−3.8; −16.9, 9.3) or dual‐task cost (−0.22; −1.74, 1.30). Stroop improvement was greater after PTCT than PT (−6.9; −13.0, −0.8). Complementing physical training with EFs training is not essential for promotion of gait speed. For EF’s, complementing physical training with targeted cognitive training provides additional benefit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

Sipilä

Tirkkonen

Savikangas

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…LDH levels have previously been highlighted as markers for the severity of COVID-19 ( Henry et al, 2020 ). The maintenance of normal cognition in older adults is highly correlated with low levels of LDH ( Waters et al, 2020 ). No correlation was found between oxygen saturation and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that the deficits were not caused by brain hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 – A systematic review

Schou

Joca

Wegener

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

277

217

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It has become evident that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a multi-organ pathology that includes the brain and nervous system. Several studies have also reported acute psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients. An increasing number of studies are suggesting that psychiatric deficits may persist after recovery from the primary infection. In the current systematic review, we provide an overview of the available evidence and supply information on potential risk factors and underlying biological mechanisms behind such psychiatric sequelae. We performed a systematic search for psychiatric sequelae in COVID-19 patients using the databases PubMed and Embase. Included primary studies all contained information on the follow-up period and provided quantitative measures of mental health. The search was performed on June 4th 2021. 1725 unique studies were identified. Of these, 66 met the inclusion criteria and were included. Time to follow-up ranged from immediately after hospital discharge up to 7 months after discharge, and the number of participants spanned 3 to 266,586 participants. Forty studies reported anxiety and/or depression, 20 studies reported symptoms- or diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 27 studies reported cognitive deficits, 32 articles found fatigue at follow-up, and sleep disturbances were found in 23 studies. Highlighted risk factors were disease severity, duration of symptoms, and female sex. One study showed brain abnormalities correlating with cognitive deficits, and several studies reported inflammatory markers to correlate with symptoms. Overall, the results from this review suggest that survivors of COVID-19 are at risk of psychiatric sequelae but that symptoms generally improve over time.

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“…In contrast, high LDL levels were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest elderly (aged 80 and older), but not in the [53,55]. Improved cognition was associated with lower triglyceride only in males [56]. However, a recent study showed that high total serum cholesterol in later life compared to midlife was not associated with any form of dementia or cognitive decline [45].…”

Section: Disputes: Can Statin Lipid-lowering Erapy Affect Cognitive Imentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Combined Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Therapies on Cognitive Function: A New Treatment Strategy?

Kuang

2020

Cardiology Research and Practice

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Risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia are associated with cognitive decline. However, there is still no clear evidence that the use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapy can prevent or delay cognitive decline or development of dementia. To provide a reference for clinical treatment, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by hypertension and hyperlipidemia, the clinical research and controversy of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies on cognitive function, and the clinical value of combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. It is currently believed that hypertension and elevated blood cholesterol levels in middle-aged people may be related to cognitive impairment or dementia in the elderly. Some studies suggest that intensive antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapies are better than standard antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapy, yet further tests are needed to confirm their effects on cognitive function. Actively controlling potential risk factors from middle age may be important for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention.

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Sex-specific muscle and metabolic biomarkers associated with gait speed and cognitive transitions in older adults: a 9-year follow-up

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 – A systematic review

Effect of Combined Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Therapies on Cognitive Function: A New Treatment Strategy?

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