Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017–2020) analysis
Hecheng Li,
Guoliang Li,
Mushi Yi
et al.
Abstract:BackgroundHeavy metal exposure is an important cause of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Epidemiological studies focusing on the effects of mixed heavy metal exposure on BMD in middle-aged and older people are scarce. In single-metal studies, men and women have shown distinct responses of BMD to environmental metal exposure. This study therefore aimed to elucidate the association between mixed heavy metal exposure and BMD and to investigate whether it is sex-specific.MethodsData from the 2017–2020 National … Show more
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