Sex-specific Association of Primary Aldosteronism With Visceral Adiposity

Abstract

Context The association between primary aldosteronism and obesity, especially its sex difference, remains unknown. Objective To assess the association for each subtype of primary aldosteronism with obesity parameters including visceral adipose tissue and differences between sexes. Methods In this case-control study, four normotensive controls were selected for each case with primary aldosteronism. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between each type of primary aldosteronism and obesity indicators. We used a random forest to identify which visceral or subcutaneous tissue areas had a closer association with disease status. Results The study subjects included 42 aldosterone-producing adenoma cases (22 women) and 68 idiopathic hyperaldosteronism cases (42 women). In multivariable conditional logistic regressions, aldosterone-producing adenoma was significantly associated with body mass index only in men (odd ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 4.62 [1.98, 10.80] per 2.89 kg/m 2) but not in women (OR [95% CI]: 1.09 [0.69, 1.72] per 3.93 kg/m 2) compared to the matched controls, while idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was associated with body mass index in both men (OR [95% CI]: 3.96 [2.03, 7.73] per 3.75 kg/m 2) and women (OR [95% CI]: 2.65 [1.77, 3.96] per 3.85 kg/m 2) compared to the matched controls. In random forests, visceral adipose tissue areas were the better predictor of both aldosterone-producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions Aldosterone-producing adenoma cases were obese among men, but not among women. Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism cases were obese among both men and women. Visceral adipose tissue may contribute to the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism.