Sex specific adaptations in placental biometry of overweight and obese women

Mandò, Chiara; Calabrese, Stefania; Mazzocco, M.; Novielli, Chiara; Anelli, Gaia Maria; Antonazzo, Patrizio; Cetin, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2015.12.008

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These consequences may be related to the development of an energetically saturated intrauterine environment in mothers who present body fat accumulation and insulin resistance, 35 thus exposing fetuses to high amounts of nutrients and leading to accelerated body development, altering the onset of sexual maturity, the development of early metabolic diseases, and associated comorbidities. 41,42 In addition, female reproductive capacity parameters in the present study such as pregnancy rates, implantation, preimplantation losses, and amounts fetal malformations were not statistically different from the controls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Effect of postnatal overfeeding on the male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters

Costa

Andreazzi

Bolotari

et al. 2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Overweight/obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and factors such as a sedentary lifestyle and inadequate eating habits directly contribute to the development of this condition. Studies indicate that rapid weight gain at critical development stages, such as the lactation period, is associated with the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes in the long term. In addition to metabolic changes during adulthood, overweight/obesity may influence reproductive function of the population. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate postnatal overfeeding effects on male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters. Postnatal overfeeding was induced by applying the litter reduction method for both sexes. Forty animals were used, divided into four groups: two with normal litters (NL♂ and NL♀) and two with small litters (SL♂ and SL♀). The males were euthanized at 90 days of age, on the same date the females were mated. Females were also euthanized after the 20-day gestation. Metabolic and reproductive variables were analyzed. Regarding males, SL animals showed increased body weight, adiposity, and decreased relative weight of the seminal vesicle, prostate, and epididymis as well as changes in the ITT and OGTT glycemic tests. Concerning females, SL animals presented increased body weight, relative perigonadal fat weight, glucose intolerance as well as modify the vaginal opening and increased weight of female pup. The litter reduction method was efficient in leading to metabolic and reproductive alterations in male and female Wistar rat.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Effect of postnatal overfeeding on the male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters

Costa

Andreazzi

Bolotari

et al. 2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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“…Female placentas adapt more quickly than male to an adverse intrauterine environment, leading to decreased growth without growth restriction. This is a key mechanism which allows females to survive but links early development with later-life disease [34,35]. Subgroup analysis conducted by exposure type suggested that exposure to famine during fetal life and childhood was associated with higher risk of MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exposure to Famine during Early Life on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

Qin

Luo

Gao

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Background. Emerging studies have explored the association between the famine exposure during early life and the risk of the metabolic syndrome, and the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the famine effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Materials and Methods. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant studies up to December 2019. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effect exposure to famine on MetS using a random-effects model, and the I2 was used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Results. The analyses included 39 studies from 10 articles with a total of 81504 participants. Fourteen studies from 10 articles for fetal famine exposure, 20 studies from 7 articles for childhood famine exposure, and 5 studies from 3 articles for adolescence/adult famine exposure were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with a nonexposed group, famine exposure significantly increased the risk of MetS for early life famine exposure (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38), fetal famine exposure (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.43), and childhood famine exposure (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44). Subgroup analyses showed that the result was consistent regardless of the study designs, definitions of MetS, and causes of famine, with or without adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Conclusions. This meta-analysis suggests that exposure to famine during early life may increase the risk of MetS in adulthood.

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“…This interesting study showed how the fetal sex and the genotype can affect the metabolic pathway and prenatal development. Mandò et al (41) performed another study in Italy, they prospectively enrolled 696 women: 537 normal weight (NW) (18 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ), 112 overweight (OW) (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m 2 ), 47 obese (OB) (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies at term delivery. They collected the following data gestational age, maternal (age, height, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and glycemia), fetal (weight, length, ponderal index, cranial circumference), and placental (weight and diameters).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fetal Sex on Maternal and Obstetric Outcomes

2017

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Fetal sex plays an important role in modifying the course and complications related to pregnancy and may also have an impact on maternal health and well-being both during and after pregnancy. The goal of this article is to review and summarize the findings from published research on physiologic and pathologic changes that may be affected by fetal sex and the effect of these changes on the maternal and obstetrical outcomes. This will help create awareness that fetal sex is not just a random chance event but an interactive process between the mother, the placenta, and the fetus. The reported effects of male sex on the course of pregnancy and delivery include higher incidence of preterm labor in singletons and twins, failure of progression in labor, true umbilical cord knots, cord prolapse, nuchal cord, higher cesarean section rate, higher heart rate variability with increased frequency, and duration of decelerations without acidemia and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus through the poor beta cells function. Similarly, female fetal sex has been reported to modify pregnancy and delivery outcomes including altered fetal cardiac hemodynamics, increased hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, higher vulnerability of developing type 2 DM after pregnancy possibly because of influences on increased maternal insulin resistance. Placental function is also influenced by fetal sex. Vitamin D metabolism in the placenta varies by fetal sex; and the placenta of a female fetus is more responsive to the relaxing action of magnesium sulfate. Male and female feto-placental units also vary in their responses to environmental toxin exposure. The association of fetal sex with stillbirths is controversial with many studies reporting higher risk of stillbirth in male fetuses; although some smaller and limited studies have reported more stillbirths with female fetus pregnancies. Maternal status such as BMI may in turn also affect the fetus and the placenta in a sex-specific manner. There is probably a sex-specific maternal–placental–fetal interaction that has significant biological implications of which the mechanisms may be genetic, epigenetic, or hormonal. Determination of fetal sex may therefore be an important consideration in management of pregnancy and childbirth.

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Sex specific adaptations in placental biometry of overweight and obese women

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of postnatal overfeeding on the male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters

Effect of postnatal overfeeding on the male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters

Effect of Exposure to Famine during Early Life on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis

Effect of Fetal Sex on Maternal and Obstetric Outcomes

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