Sex-Role Socialization in Relationships as a Function of the Division of Labor

Nickel, Hildegard Maria; Vale, Michel

doi:10.1080/15579336.1988.11769957

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Out of these 91 per cent, 87 per cent had completed some kind of vocational training (see, e.g., Nickel, 1993;Lemke, 1989). This was reckoned to be the highest level of female employment in the world (Nickel, 1989).…”

Section: Right and Duty To Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender in the Discursive Practices of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Former East Germany

Rajtar

2011

Social Compass

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The author analyzes the construction of gender and gender roles among the Jehovah’s Witnesses in the former East Germany. From a religious point of view, wives and women in general are subordinate to their husbands, fathers, etc. Within a family and in congregations men are expected to “take the lead” and are responsible for their wives and children. In the former German Democratic Republic this religious discourse competed with the egalitarian and secular discourse of the socialist state, which emphasized the necessity for women to work and the importance of public childcare. Thus, the author addresses the question: how and to what extent did this official state discourse influence the Witnesses’ discursive practices on gender during socialism and until the present day? The author has based her article on extensive ethnographic fieldwork on the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Saxony, eastern Germany.

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Section: Right and Duty To Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender in the Discursive Practices of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Former East Germany

Rajtar

2011

Social Compass

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“…It develops in the child characteristics, which are desirable traits for top management positions. While young females spend most of their free time socializing with their friends and reading, young males tend to focus on sports and acquiring specialized skills and knowledge, which according to researchers, Nickel and Vale (1988), are behaviors reinforced from early childhood socialization. Many of the qualities and characteristics displayed as leadership traits are primarily linked to the male because of the overwhelmingly patriarchal business environment and viewpoint.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gender Biases against Women in the Workplace

James¹

2020

IJBSS

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Throughout the years, many organizations have experienced a plethora of issues regarding gender bias. In this study, my literature review has revealed that a significant proportion of gender bias emanates from upper management in almost every organization. This research paper examines and discusses gender discriminations (isms) explored as biases against women and men in the workplace. The study has revealed that a plethora of leaders are products of their upbringings, and stereotypes can influence the number of promotions and backlash effects that they can receive in their careers. In this write-up, socialization relating to male and female, stereotyping in terms of male vs. female, job promotion in male vs. female, backlash effects relating to male and female employed as (isms)in this study. Lastly, I provided several strategies that organizations could implement to eliminate gender bias in the workplace.

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Polish women's gender-segregated education and employment

Lobodzinska¹

2000

Women's Studies International Forum

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Sex-Role Socialization in Relationships as a Function of the Division of Labor

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Gender in the Discursive Practices of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Former East Germany

Gender in the Discursive Practices of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Former East Germany

Gender Biases against Women in the Workplace

Polish women's gender-segregated education and employment

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