Sex reversal of germ cell gametogenesis in chimeras of <i>Pleurodeles waltl</i> (urodele amphibian): Genetic and immunogenetic demonstration using tolerance or rejection of skin grafts

Dournon, Christian; Membre, H.; Bautz, A.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-169x.2001.00553.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, we also detected EGFP + /Vasa + cells in testes, suggesting transdifferentiation of OSCs into spermatogonia. This suggests that OSCs may have transdifferentiation potential when in the correct environment, which was also seen in studies in other species including other urodeles . Yet, without further experimentation we cannot conclude that this is the case in our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Regulation of Injury-Induced Ovarian Regeneration by Activation of Oogonial Stem Cells

2016

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Some animals have the ability to generate large numbers of oocytes throughout life. This raises the question whether persistent adult germline stem cell populations drive continuous oogenesis and whether they are capable of mounting a regenerative response after injury. Here we demonstrate the presence of adult oogonial stem cells (OSCs) in the adult axolotl salamander ovary and show that ovarian injury induces OSC activation and functional regeneration of the ovaries to reproductive capability. Cells that have morphological similarities to germ cells were identified in the developing and adult ovaries via histological analysis. Genes involved in germ cell maintenance including Vasa, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Bmp15, Piwil1, Piwil2, Dazl, and Lhx8 were expressed in the presumptive OSCs. Colocalization of Vasa protein with H3 mitotic marker showed that both oogonial and spermatogonial adult stem cells were mitotically active. Providing evidence of stemness and viability of adult OSCs, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) adult OSCs grafted into white juvenile host gonads gave rise to EGFP OSCs, and oocytes. Last, the axolotl ovaries completely regenerated after partial ovariectomy injury. During regeneration, OSC activation resulted in rapid differentiation into new oocytes, which was demonstrated by Vasa 1 /BrdU 1 coexpression. Furthermore, follicle cell proliferation promoted follicle maturation during ovarian regeneration. Overall, these results show that adult oogenesis occurs via proliferation of endogenous OSCs in a tetrapod and mediates ovarian regeneration. This study lays the foundations to elucidate mechanisms of ovarian regeneration that will assist regenerative medicine in treating premature ovarian failure and reduced fertility. STEM CELLS 2017;35:236-247 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStem cells that orchestrate ovarian regeneration have never been studied in the axolotl. This animal can regenerate many tissues perfectly, thus studying the underlying mechanisms of ovarian regeneration in this organism has great potential for translational outcomes. Many women suffer from premature ovarian failure and reduced fertility. With recent understanding of oogonial stem cells in vertebrates, inducing ovarian regeneration by therapeutic means is a desired application. Deciphering initiation and progression of ovarian regeneration via oogonial stem cells, in an animal that shows conservation of genes utilized in mammalian oogenesis, has great potential impact in the field of regenerative medicine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Regulation of Injury-Induced Ovarian Regeneration by Activation of Oogonial Stem Cells

2016

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“…Despite evidence of chimerism in which cells derived from the donor male nucleus and the recipient diploidized female nucleus were observed in the body, the sex of this individual was male. Sexual differentiation in the gonads of medaka has been attributed to the gonadal somatic cells, and not the germ cells , and is similar to that observed in mammals (reviewed by DiNapoli and Capel, 2008;McLaren, 1991McLaren, , 1995, birds (Kagami et al, 1995(Kagami et al, , 1997, and amphibians (Blacklar, 1965;Dournon et al, 2001). DMY is known to be expressed in the gonadal somatic cells at an early stage of sex differentiation in medaka embryos (Matsuda et al, 2002;Nanda et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Nuclear Transplants from Adult Somatic Cells Generated by a Novel Method Using Diploidized Eggs as Recipients in Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes)

Bubenshchikova

Kaftanovskaya

Hattori

et al. 2008

Cloning and Stem Cells

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We previously reported the generation of fertile diploid adult fish with a donor marker by transfer of adult somatic cell nuclei to recipient diploidized eggs without enucleation in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Although transplants appeared similar to clones of donor fish, the possibility existed that they were chimeras of cells originating from both the donor and recipient nuclei. To clarify the nuclear origin of transplants, the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) was used as the recipient marker and the DMY/dmrt1bY gene, which directs male differentiation in medaka, was used as the donor marker. The marker genes were examined in the transplants by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction assays, and transmission to the progeny. Of the seven adult fish obtained from 974 nuclear transfer procedures, six were analyzed in detail. Three of these exhibited the donor phenotype but did not have the recipient marker, suggesting that they were donor clones. The other three showed GFP expression, with one exhibiting an apparent chimerism in both donor and recipient genetic markers and the other two considered to be parthenogenic. Elucidation of a mechanism capable of eliminating recipient nuclei from nuclear transplants is considered to be key to the establishment of cloning techniques in fish.

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IL-10-Producing Langerhans Cells and Regulatory T Cells Are Responsible for Depressed Contact Hypersensitivity in Grafted Skin

Yoshiki

Kabashima

Sugita

et al. 2009

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Although skin grafting is a common surgical technique, the immunological state of grafted skin remains unelucidated. An experimental model has shown that the development of murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is depressed when mice are sensitized with a hapten through full-thickness grafted skin. We explored the immunological mechanisms underlying this hyposensitization, focusing on the fate of Langerhans cells (LCs). When FITC was applied to grafted skin, FITC-bearing LCs were capable of migrating to the draining lymph nodes. Epidermal cell suspensions isolated from the grafted skin produced a high amount of IL-10 as assessed by real-time PCR. Adoptive transfer of immune lymph node cells from the sensitized mice suppressed the CHS response of recipients in an antigen-specific manner. CD4(+)CD25(+) but not CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells purified from lymph node cells were responsible for this suppression. Finally, we detected high expression of receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the grafted skin, and found that recombinant RANKL stimulated LCs to produce IL-10. These findings suggest that the hyposensitization of CHS through the grafted skin is not attributable merely to the reduction of LC number but that IL-10-producing LCs exert a downmodulatory effect by inducing regulatory T cells.

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Sex reversal of germ cell gametogenesis in chimeras of Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian): Genetic and immunogenetic demonstration using tolerance or rejection of skin grafts

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Regulation of Injury-Induced Ovarian Regeneration by Activation of Oogonial Stem Cells

Regulation of Injury-Induced Ovarian Regeneration by Activation of Oogonial Stem Cells

Nuclear Transplants from Adult Somatic Cells Generated by a Novel Method Using Diploidized Eggs as Recipients in Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes)

IL-10-Producing Langerhans Cells and Regulatory T Cells Are Responsible for Depressed Contact Hypersensitivity in Grafted Skin

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