Sex-related Differences of Excoecaria agallocha L. with a View to Defence and Growth

Abstract

Excoecaria agallocha is a dioecious mangrove species, reported to have various medicinal properties. This study compares the gender-related biological activities between the sexes of E. agallocha in accordance with morpho-biochemical parameters which indicate their fitness over various environmental stresses as well as some information about the investment of their resources over defence and growth. For this investigation, mature sun leaves of E. agallocha were collected from each sex from three different ecological regions like Bokkhali, Jharkhali, and Kolkata, West Bengal. The comparative study found that leaf of female plants yielded more compounds than males and also resulted in higher anti-bacterial, reducing power, total antioxidant, and lipid peroxidation activities. Female leaves also showed higher concentrations of biochemical constituents like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and total protein content than male leaves. However, leaf area of all-male leaves in all sites was found to be greater than female leaves. The differences in growth rate and secondary metabolite content-based defences between sexes suggest that females invest resources in defences or resistance (Relative electrolytic leakages and TBARS content), whereas male invests their resources in growth (Leaf area) or tolerance. The present study strongly suggests that the female plant’s yields are more beneficial in terms of medicinal properties as compared to the male plant.

Diversity Analysis of Leaf Nutrient Endophytes and Metabolites in Dioecious Idesia polycarpa Maxim Leaves during Reproductive Stages

“…Another study showed that the growth of females exceeded that of males in terms of length extension, diameter growth, and leaf production [3]. Additionally, in the leaves of Excoecaria agallocha, total carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and protein concentrations were higher in female plants [4]. The oil palm orthologs of acid phosphatase and deficiency showed male-specific expression patterns [5].…”