Sex-related differences in forearm skin microvascular reactivity of young healthy subjects

Stupin, Ana; Stupin, Marko; Barić, Lidija; Matić, Anita; Kolar, Luka; Drenjančević-Perić, Ines

doi:10.3233/ch-180483

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, clinical studies indicate a concerning clinical trend in that obesity ablates the sex difference in hypertension prevalence in young women and men [30], which may be mediated by vascular endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, a recent clinical cohort demonstrates that only in young women, not young men, does an increase in waist-to-hip ratio, a measure of central adiposity, correlate with worsened vascular function [31]. In addition, obesity, rather than age and sex hormone status, may mediate increased endothelial dysfunction risk conferred by postmenopausal status in women.…”

Section: Leptin-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Sex-dependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction

Mellott¹,

Faulkner

2022

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of reviewEndothelial dysfunction is a major risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, notably hypertension. Obesity increases the risk of endothelial dysfunction in association with increasing production of the adipokine leptin. Preclinical studies have begun to unravel the mechanisms whereby leptin leads to the development of endothelial dysfunction, which are sex-specific. This review will summarize recent findings of mechanisms of leptin-induced endothelial impairment in both male and females and in pregnancy.Recent findingsLeptin receptors are found in high concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS), via which leptin promotes appetite suppression and upregulates sympathetic nervous system activation. However, leptin receptors are expressed in many other tissues, including the vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Recent studies in mice with vascular endothelial or smooth muscle-specific knockdown demonstrate that endothelial leptin receptor activation plays a protective role against endothelial dysfunction in male animals, but not necessarily in females. Clinical studies indicate that women may be more sensitive to obesity-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. Emerging preclinical data indicates that leptin and progesterone increase aldosterone production and endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor activation, respectively. Furthermore, decades of clinical studies indicate that leptin levels increase in the hypertensive pregnancy disorder preeclampsia, which is characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction. Leptin infusion in mice induces the clinical characteristics of preeclampsia, including endothelial dysfunction.SummaryNovel preclinical data indicate that the mechanisms whereby leptin promotes endothelial dysfunction are sex-specific. Leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction may also play a role in hypertensive pregnancy as well.

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Section: Leptin-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Sex-dependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction

Mellott¹,

Faulkner

2022

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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“…The unit of blood perfusion is PU, which is the product of the number of moving blood cells in the measurement area and the average movement rate of blood cells. In consideration of sex-related differences in forearm skin microvascular reactivity (Stupin et al, 2019), male and female subjects were analyzed, respectively.…”

Section: Measurement and Analysis Of Blood Perfusion Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Blood Perfusion in the Lower Extremities and Heart Rate Variability at Different Positions

Jia

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Previous studies have explored the relationship between the complexity of local blood flow signals and heart rate variability (HRV) under different thermal stimulations. However, the relationship between the complexity of local blood flow signals and HRV in different positions is not clear. In this study, healthy participants were placed in different body positions. The bilateral blood flux and ECG were monitored, and refined composite multiscale entropy (RC MSE) and refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy (RC MFE) were used to measure the complexity of the local blood flux. The sample entropy was calculated to evaluate the HRV complexity. The change of body position did not affect the time domain or frequency domain of HRV, but did reverse the blood flux laterality of the lower extremities. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the complexity of right-side blood flux and sample entropy of HRV when the participant was in the -10 degrees position. These results provide a new perspective of the relationship between skin blood flux signals and cardiac function.

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“…Interestingly, young, healthy women also have significantly higher forearm post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia in skin microcirculation compared with men. However, post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia was negatively associated with waist‐to‐hip ratio and systolic BP only in women (Stupin et al, ). The authors postulated that as a result, women may be at greater risk for obesity‐induced peripheral microvascular dysfunction.…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction In Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity‐ and high‐fat diet‐induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction?

Taylor

Ramirez

Musall

et al. 2019

British J Pharmacology

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Obesity is a common metabolic disorder that has become a widespread epidemic in several countries. Sex and gender disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence of CVD than age-matched men. However, women are more likely than men to suffer from obesity, which can predispose them to a greater risk of CVD. The mechanisms underlying high-fat diet (HFD)-or obesity-induced hypertension are not well defined, although immune system activation and inflammation have been implicated in several studies. Further, the sex of the subject can have a profound influence on the immune response to hypertensive stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effects of sex and gender on the role of the immune system in HFD-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction.

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Sex-related differences in forearm skin microvascular reactivity of young healthy subjects

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Mechanisms of leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction

Mechanisms of leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction

The Relationship Between Blood Perfusion in the Lower Extremities and Heart Rate Variability at Different Positions

Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity‐ and high‐fat diet‐induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction?

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