Sex Ratio of Seven Gill Eels Based on System Dynamics and Dynamic Generalisation Models

Abstract

This paper provides an in-depth study of the ecological impacts of changing sex ratios in the lampreys, an ancient species known as a living fossil, through mathematical modeling. First, a dynamic model was constructed to simulate the response of the sex ratio of the lampreys to food availability and to predict subsequent changes in predator populations within the ecosystem. The model also considered reproductive success to assess broader ecological impacts. The results suggest that changes in lampreys sex ratio can significantly affect ecosystems in many ways. However, risks such as overfishing, environmental stress and predation emerged as clear disadvantages. Further exploration through more advanced dynamic modeling confirmed the stabilizing effect of higher male ratios on the ecosystem. The study also ventured into competition modeling, revealing that lamprey populations may inadvertently favor other species, such as parasites. Taken together, the mathematical modeling in this study provides insights into the ecological role of lampreys and is intended to inform conservation efforts and optimize the ecological use of lampreys.