Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: a longitudinal study

Orton, Sarah-Michelle; Herrera, Blanca; Yee, Irene M.; Valdar, William; Ramagopalan, Sreeram; Sadovnick, A. Dessa; Ebers, George C.

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70581-6

Cited by 809 publications

(730 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Therefore, our data cannot at present be generalized beyond the current population, requiring further evaluation of our methods in participants with MS and other diagnoses with multiple comorbidities that might generate white matter abnormalities. Although epidemiological data suggest that both MS and migraine are more common in women and in approximately similar proportions,34, 35, 36, 37, 38 only one man was included in the study due to recruitment challenges, and this may limit the generalizability of our results. It is interesting to note that several participants with migraine had a high number of CVs, perhaps suggesting that the pathophysiology of these lesions may be more heterogeneous than presumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“Central vessel sign” on 3T FLAIR* MRI for the differentiation of multiple sclerosis from migraine

Solomon

Schindler

Howard³

et al. 2015

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveThe diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) presently relies on radiographic assessments of imperfect specificity. Recent data using T2* methodology for the detection of the “central vessel sign” (CVS) in MS lesions suggests this novel MRI technique may distinguish MS from other disorders. Our aim was to determine if evaluation for CVS on 3T FLAIR* MRI differentiates MS from migraine.MethodsPatients with MS or migraine and a prior brain MRI demonstrating at least two hyperintense lesions ≥3 mm were recruited. Exclusion criteria included any additional comorbidity known to cause brain MRI abnormalities. 3T MRI was performed in each participant with administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and FLAIR* images were generated in postprocessing. The total number of discrete ovoid lesions ≥3 mm were counted on FLAIR, per participant, and subsequently evaluated for presence of CVS on FLAIR*. An exploratory method evaluating for CVS in a maximum of 12 lesions per subject was also completed.ResultsTen participants with MS and 10 with migraine completed the study. The median percentage (quartiles) of lesions in MS participants with CVS was 84 (79, 94) compared to 22 (15, 54) in migraine (P = 0.008). In a subanalysis by brain region, in the subcortical and deep white matter, the median percentage (quartiles) of lesions in MS participants with CVS was 88 (81, 100) compared to 19 (11, 54) in migraine (P = 0.004). This difference was not identified in juxtacortical, periventricular, or infratentorial regions.InterpretationIdentification of CVS using FLAIR* on 3T MRI helps differentiate MS from migraine, particularly in the subcortical and deep white matter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“Central vessel sign” on 3T FLAIR* MRI for the differentiation of multiple sclerosis from migraine

Solomon

Schindler

Howard³

et al. 2015

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…autoimmunity | cytokines | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | gender | nuclear receptor F or reasons that remain unclear, the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasing in women (1) and, overall, women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with MS than men (1,2). The same is true for a number of other autoimmune diseases (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and -γ regulate IFNγ and IL-17A production by human T cells in a sex-specific way

Zhang

Rego

Moshkova

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

192

177

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Women develop certain autoimmune diseases more often than men. It has been hypothesized that this may relate to the development of more robust T-helper (Th)1 responses in women. To test whether women exhibit a Th1 bias, we isolated naïve cluster of differentiation (CD)4 + T cells from peripheral blood of healthy women and men and measured the proliferation and cytokine production by these cells in response to submaximal amounts of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. We observed that CD4 + T cells from women produced higher levels of IFNγ as well as tended to proliferate more than male CD4 + T cells. Intriguingly, male CD4 + T cells instead had a predilection toward IL-17A production. This sex dichotomy in Th cytokine production was found to be even more striking in the Swiss/Jackson Laboratory (SJL) mouse. Studies in mice and humans indicated that the sexual dimorphism in Th1 and Th17 cytokine production was dependent on the androgen status and the T-cell expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ. Androgens increased PPARα and decreased PPARγ expression by human CD4 + T cells. PPARα siRNA-mediated knockdown had the effect of increasing IFNγ by male CD4 + T cells, while transfection of CD4 + T cells with PPARγ siRNAs increased IL-17A production uniquely by female T cells. Together, our observations indicate that human T cells exhibit a sex difference in the production of IFNγ and IL-17A that may be driven by expressions of PPARα and PPARγ. autoimmunity | cytokines | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | gender | nuclear receptor

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“…The age of onset of MS has been reported to be varying between 20 and 40 years (2). Some studies report that MS might slightly develop in either children or people above 60 years (3)(4)(5). Researchers have conflicting ideas on whether MS is a pathological disease, as MS presents with a variety of signs and symptoms (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-33 plasma levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Alsahebfosoul

Rahimmanesh

Shajarian

et al. 2017

Biomolecular Concepts

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Cytokines are implicated in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interleukin (IL)-33, one of the recently discovered members of the IL-1 superfamily, is a dual functional cytokine involved in various autoimmune disorders. In a case-control study, venous blood was collected from healthy subjects categorized as control group (n = 44) and MS patients (n = 44). All recruited patients were clinically diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), including patients without treatment (new identified cases, n = 16) and those treated with interferon beta (IFN-β) (n = 28). The plasma levels of IL-33 in subjects were measured with ELISA. Significantly elevated IL-33 plasma levels were observed in RRMS patients (p = 0.005). Furthermore, IFN-β-treated MS patients had lower levels of IL-33 compared to the untreated patients (p < 0.001). Increased IL-33 plasma levels in the patient group might be associated with development of MS. These results could contribute to our better understanding about the role of IL-33 in the immunopathogenesis of MS.

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Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: a longitudinal study

Cited by 809 publications

References 53 publications

“Central vessel sign” on 3T FLAIR* MRI for the differentiation of multiple sclerosis from migraine

“Central vessel sign” on 3T FLAIR* MRI for the differentiation of multiple sclerosis from migraine

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and -γ regulate IFNγ and IL-17A production by human T cells in a sex-specific way

Interleukin-33 plasma levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

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