Sex Ratio Modulators of Egg Parasitoids

Russell, Jeffrey Burton; Stouthamer, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9110-0_6

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…This chromosome found only in male haplodiploids behaves turning eggs destined to develop as females into males that carry the PSR chromosome, distorting the sex ratio of some parasitoid populations. This theory is described and discussed by Russell and Stouthamer (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of some insecticides used in maize crop on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) immature stages

Souza

Carvalho

Moura

et al. 2014

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize (Zea mays L.) crops in Brazil. The effects of beta-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, spinosad, etofenprox, triflumuron, alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron, and lambda-cyhalothrin/thiamethoxam on Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) immature stages were evaluated. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), containing immature stages of the parasitoid were dipped in water solution pesticides, to evaluate their effects on emergence and sex ratio of F1 parasitoids. For F2 parasitoids, emergence, parasitism capacity, and sex ratio were evaluated. Beta-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, and spinosad affected the emergence success of F1 T. pretiosum. Insects exposed to etofenprox and alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron during the egg-larval period and to lambda-cyhalothrin/thiamethoxam during the pupal stage also suffered reduction in the emergence. Beta-cypermethrin affected the sex ratio of F1 T. pretiosum from host eggs treated during the egg-larval period; spinosad affected it during the egg-larval period and the pupal stage, whereas chlorpyrifos did the same when applied during the pupal stage. Chlorpyrifos also affected the sex ratio of F2 parasitoids, but only when applied during the egg-larval period, whereas chlorfenapyr reduced this trait when applied during the pre-pupal phase. Chlorpyrifos and alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron affected the parasitism capacity of F1 females from eggs treated during the egg-larval period. Considering the overall effects, only etofenprox and triflumuron were selective on T. pretiosum when applied on parasitized A. kuehniella eggs. Further studies need to be carried out to verify the toxicity of the other pesticides under semi-field and field conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of some insecticides used in maize crop on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) immature stages

Souza

Carvalho

Moura

et al. 2014

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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“…Infection with PI‐ Wolbachia will increase the relative female production of infected lines, providing a clear advantage to biological control programmes. However, the potential fitness effects of Wolbachia infections are not consistent across species and should be considered in each case in practice (Russell & Stouthamer, ). Often, infection with PI‐ Wolbachia results in a fitness cost to the infected female parasitoid (Stouthamer & Luck, ; Huigens et al., ).…”

Section: Example Of a Target Trait: Sex Ratio In Hymenopteran Parasitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, transfected lines of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma kaykai Pinto & Stouthamer varied significantly in fitness. Whereas most lines showed a decrease in fitness, several lines showed an increase in all fitness parameters (Russell & Stouthamer, ), which would make these lines exceptionally suitable for efficient mass production.…”

Section: Example Of a Target Trait: Sex Ratio In Hymenopteran Parasitmentioning

confidence: 99%

It is time to bridge the gap between exploring and exploiting: prospects for utilizing intraspecific genetic variation to optimize arthropods for augmentative pest control – a review

Lommen

Jong

Pannebakker

2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

145

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Intraspecific genetic variation in arthropods is often studied in the context of evolution and ecology. Such knowledge, however, can also be very usefully applied to biological pest control. Selection of genotypes with optimal trait values may be a powerful tool to develop more effective biocontrol agents. Although it has repeatedly been proposed, this approach is still hardly applied in the current commercial development of arthropod agents for pest control. In this perspective study, we call to take advantage of the increasing knowledge on the genetics underlying intraspecific variation to improve biological control agents. We argue that it is timely now because at present both the need and the technical possibilities for implementation exist, as there is (1) increased economic importance of biocontrol, (2) reduced availability of exotic biocontrol agents due to stricter legislation, and (3) increased availability of genetic information on non-model species. We present a step-by-step approach towards the exploitation of intraspecific genetic variation for biocontrol, outline that knowledge of the underlying genetic mechanisms is essential for success, and indicate how new molecular techniques can facilitate this. Finally, we exemplify this procedure by two case studies, one focussing on a target trait -offspring sex ratio -across species of hymenopteran parasitoids, and the other on a target species -the two-spot ladybird beetle -where wing length and body colouration can be optimized for aphid control. With this overview, we aim to inspire scientific researchers and biocontrol agent producers to start collaborating on the use of genetic variation for the improvement of natural enemies.

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“…The use of thelytokous strains has been proposed to provide some advantages for biological control, especially because they produce a higher proportion of females. However, the fitness of Wolbachia-infected versus uninfected strains plays a major role in selection of appropriate strain for use in biological control programs (Russell & Stouthamer 2010 moth, E. kuehniella Zeller (Lep: Pyralidae)), on qualitative characteristics of T. brassicae under laboratory conditions. Thanks to the identification of Wolbachia-infected (hereafter thelytokous) and uninfected (hereafter arrhenotokous) strains of this species by Poorjavad (2011), we were also able to compare these effects among thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains of T. brassicae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CanWolbachiainfection improve qualitative characteristics ofTrichogramma brassicaereared on cold stored eggs of the host?

Nazeri

Ashouri

Hosseini

2015

International Journal of Pest Management

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The mass production cost of parasitoids is an important limiting factor in the development of successful biological control program. Parasitoids cannot be stored for a long time, thus should be produced shortly before use. Storage of host in low temperatures is an alternative technique to increase time flexibility of parasitoids production, thus contribute to reduction of production expenses. In this study, the influence of cold storage time (1 to 16 days) of host (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) eggs on some qualitative characteristics of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. The stored eggs were exposed to two different strains of T. brassicae, which were infected or uninfected with the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia, and the interactions between the host storage time and Wolbachia infection was studied. Increased host storage time negatively affected some qualitative characteristics of T. brassicae, such as fecundity, longevity, wing deformity and sex ratio. Some of these effects (e.g. fecundity, longevity and sex ratio) were different among Wolbachia-infected and uninfected strains. Given that the Wolbachia-infected strain produces higher proportion of females, they may compensate for other negative effects of Wolbachia as well as prolonged storage time of the host from biological control point of view.

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Sex Ratio Modulators of Egg Parasitoids

Cited by 6 publications

References 94 publications

Toxicity of some insecticides used in maize crop on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) immature stages

Toxicity of some insecticides used in maize crop on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) immature stages

It is time to bridge the gap between exploring and exploiting: prospects for utilizing intraspecific genetic variation to optimize arthropods for augmentative pest control – a review

CanWolbachiainfection improve qualitative characteristics ofTrichogramma brassicaereared on cold stored eggs of the host?

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