Sex Ratio Manipulation by Parasitoid Wasps

King, B. H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1402-8_13

Cited by 96 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…It is also well known that host stage influences parasitoid size and further that female fitness may be more influenced by body size than the male fitness (Charnov 1982;King 1993;Fand et al 2011). In our study an increase in the size of A. bambawalei, as measured by hind tibial length, was observed with an increase in the host size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Generally, for a parasitoid, the choice of the host stage is important for the fitness of the parasitoid's progeny ( Zhang et al 2016;Hagvar and Hofsvang 1991), and the fitness of the parasitoid larvae is positively correlated with the host size and quality, and thus with the host selection of the ovipositing females (Charnov 1982;King 1993). …”

Section: Since Its Accidental Introduction Into Pakistan In 2005 Phementioning

confidence: 99%

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Host stage preference and parasitism behaviour of Aenasius bambawalei an encyrtid parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis

Badshah

Ullah

Calatayud

et al. 2016

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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In Pakistan, the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha (Homoptera): Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of many cultivated plants. A parasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), is associated with P. solenopsis. In order to mass rear A. bambawalei for a biological control program, it is important to investigate the parasitoid's host stage preference and its parasitism behavior for P. solenopsis in order to optimize production. The present study showed that under both choice and no choice conditions, the parasitoid preferred 3 rd instar and pre-reproductive host stage mealybugs for parasitism. Parasitoid larva developing inside the host exhibited a greater longevity, shorter developmental period and longer body size in these preferred host stages.Our study also confirmed that A. bambawalei showed no attraction to male mealybugs and no host feeding on any host stage was recorded. The ability of the parasitoid to effectively discriminate between suitable and non-suitable stages means that it is feasible to rear it on a mixed population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Since Its Accidental Introduction Into Pakistan In 2005 Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Host stage preference and parasitism behaviour of Aenasius bambawalei an encyrtid parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis

Badshah

Ullah

Calatayud

et al. 2016

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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show abstract

“…Several studies on Hymenoptera have shown a correlation between host size/quality and the sex ratios of progenies (Craig et al, 1992;King, 1993;Morrill et al, 2000;Ode & Heinz, 2002;Kishani Farahani et al, 2012). However, our results along with those of previous studies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manipulation of the sex ratio of their offspring enables animals to quickly respond to changes in environmental conditions such as an abundance of food, and so, increase their overall fitness (Charnov, 1982). In insects, a large number of empirical studies, mainly on haplodiploid Hymenoptera, have shown that parents are able to adjust the sex ratio of their progenies in response to environmental conditions (Charnov, 1982;Werren, 1984;King, 1993;Morrill et al, 2000;Ode & Heinz, 2002;Kuijper & Pen, 2010;Kishani Farahani et al, 2012). In diploid insects, in which both males and females develop from fertilized eggs, adjustment by parents of the sex ratio of their offspring seems unlikely (Bull, 1983;Dorchin & Freidberg, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does monogeny enable gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to regulate their sex ratio?

Tabadkani¹,

Ashouri²,

Farhoudi³

2012

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Monogeny, the production of unisexual broods by individual females, is widely recorded in gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Theoretical models propose that the adjustment of offspring sex ratio by females may pre-dispose the evolution of monogeny in gall midges however empirical studies in this field are superficial. Expressed more simply, monogeny may enable individual female gall midges to decrease or increase the number of male and female progeny they produce in response to changes in environmental conditions. Host quality/size is repeatedly reported to influence sexual investment in insects in terms of sex ratio adjustment. In this paper, we examined the sex ratio of the offspring of the monogenous predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza attacking low and high abundances of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. Two consecutive generations of female gall midges were presented with either a low or high abundance of aphids in each generation and the sex ratio of their progenies determined. There was no difference between the sex ratio of the progenies that developed on the high or low abundance of A. gossypii in the two generations. Apparently, the females did not regulate the number of female and male progenies, or adjust the numbers of male or female's eggs they produced in response to the changes in the abundance of prey. Results of this study do not support the theory of sex ratio regulation proposed for monogenous gall midges. It is likely that the skewed sex ratio in most species of monogenous gall midges is a consequence of differential mortality of male and female progenies under harsh conditions. The finding that male and female larvae did not differ in the number of aphids they require to complete their development supports this claim.

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“…Pupal size has major effects on a fly's fitness: bigger pupae have greater survival and develop into bigger adults, which may have higher fecundity (e.g. King 1993;Adamo et al 1995b;Allen & Hunt 2001;Kolluru & Zuk 2001). The parasitoids could affect host size through at least two mechanisms: parasitism could result in reduced energy expenditure (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Male field crickets infested by parasitoid flies express phenotypes that may benefit the parasitoids

Beckers

Wagner

2011

Animal Behaviour

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Sex Ratio Manipulation by Parasitoid Wasps

Cited by 96 publications

References 109 publications

Host stage preference and parasitism behaviour of Aenasius bambawalei an encyrtid parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis

Host stage preference and parasitism behaviour of Aenasius bambawalei an encyrtid parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis

Does monogeny enable gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to regulate their sex ratio?

Male field crickets infested by parasitoid flies express phenotypes that may benefit the parasitoids

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