Sex ratio and birth weights of infants born as a result of blastocyst transfers compared with early cleavage stage embryo transfers

Kausche, Annette; Jones, Gayle M; Trounson, Alan; Figueiredo, Fatima; MacLachlan, Vivien; Lolatgis, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02010-6

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although some early studies observed a trend of higher male births following BT, [21][22][23]43 this higher proportion of male births was not significant. One explanation for a lack of an association between BT and an increase in male births is an underpowered study design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

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The effect on human sex ratio at birth by assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures – an assessment of babies born following single embryo transfers, Australia and New Zealand, 2002–2006

Dean

Chapman

Sullivan

2010

BJOG

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Objective To assess the effect on the human sex ratio at birth by assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures.Design Retrospective population-based study.Setting Fertility clinics in Australia and New Zealand.Population The study included 13 368 babies by 13 165 women who had a single embryo transfer (SET) between 2002 and 2006.Methods Logistic regression was used to model the effect on the sex ratio at birth of ART characteristics [in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm insemination (ICSI) SET, cleavage-stage or blastocyst SET, and fresh or thawed SET] and biological characteristics (woman's and partner's age and cause of infertility).Main outcome measures Proportion of male births. ResultsThe crude sex ratio at birth was 51.3%. Individual ART procedures had a significant effect on the sex ratio at birth. More males were born following IVF SET (53.0%) than ICSI SET (50.0%), and following blastocyst SET (54.1%) than cleavage-stage SET (49.9%). For a specific ART regimen, IVF blastocyst SET produced more males (56.1%) and ICSI cleavage-stage SET produced fewer males (48.7%).Conclusions The change in the sex ratio at birth of SET babies is associated with the ART regimen. The mechanism of these effects remains unclear. Fertility clinics and patients should be aware of the bias in the sex ratio at birth when using ART procedures.Keywords ART births, blastocyst, cleavage-stage embryo, ICSI, IVF, logistic regression, sex ratio at birth, single embryo transfer.Please cite this paper as: Dean J, Chapman M, Sullivan E. The effect on human sex ratio at birth by assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures -an assessment of babies born following single embryo

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The suggestion is that, because there is sex-related differentiation in embryo development, and male embryos show, on average, more blastomeres at the time of transfer, more male embryos may be selected for transfer. Other researchers, [21][22][23][24][25] however, have not found a significant association between higher SSR and BT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect on human sex ratio at birth by assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures – an assessment of babies born following single embryo transfers, Australia and New Zealand, 2002–2006

Dean

Chapman

Sullivan

2010

BJOG

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“…Potentially, the double dose of enzyme activity can explain the delayed development of female embryos (35) perhaps resulting in male embryos being more able to withstand stressful in vitro conditions. However, not all studies have observed sexually differential development rates or associated effects on SSR (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of assisted reproductive technologies on human sex ratio at birth

Maalouf

Mincheva

Campbell

et al. 2014

Fertility and Sterility

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“…Some earlier studies in human ART (assisted reproduction technology) have shown that blastocyst transfer may favour male offspring [17-21, 24, 29] while others did not come to the same conclusion [3,16,26,27,30]. However, reporting criteria are unclear as to selection between IVF and ICSI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocyst transfer and gender: IVF versus ICSI

Hentemann

Briskemyr

Bertheussen

2009

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose To investigate the difference in sex ratio in our centre after day 5 embryo transfer among neonates delivered after fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF), fresh intra cytoplasmatic sperminjection (ICSI) and frozen embryo replacement (FER) compared to expected sex ratio in normal population. Methods Retrospective data after IVF/ICSI/FER therapy from 1995 -2007 and data from the literature on similar subjects. Results Among a total of 420 births after day 5 transfer, there were 225 male and 195 female babies. However, after ICSI alone 30 were female and 21 male. Adding all available data from the literature on gender ratio after long term culture, the ratio of male births to total births (0.545) was significantly (p=0.004) different from the expected ratio (0.515) Conclusions It appears that significantly more males are born than expected after day 5 transfer in IVF. However, a subgroup analysis in our data comparing IVF, ICSI and FER revealed more females born after ICSI and FER, suggesting that further research is needed in this area.

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Sex ratio and birth weights of infants born as a result of blastocyst transfers compared with early cleavage stage embryo transfers

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

The effect on human sex ratio at birth by assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures – an assessment of babies born following single embryo transfers, Australia and New Zealand, 2002–2006

The effect on human sex ratio at birth by assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures – an assessment of babies born following single embryo transfers, Australia and New Zealand, 2002–2006

Effects of assisted reproductive technologies on human sex ratio at birth

Blastocyst transfer and gender: IVF versus ICSI

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