Sex Pheromone of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) : Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis

Pheromone Reception in Moths

“…8,9 The variation of the double bond position and the differentiation of the pheromone component proportions may underlie reproductive isolation barriers between species. 4,[10][11][12][13][14] This is exemplified by the two sex pheromone races of the European corn borer moth Ostrinia nubilalis, E and Z, which produce opposite ratios of isomers of the major female sex pheromone components, E11-and Z11-14:acetate. 15, 16 Lassance et al found that allelic variation in a fatty-acyl reductase gene that is essential for pheromone biosynthesis accounts for the female pheromone variation.…”

Insect Pheromones: A Critical Review of Recent Advances in Their Chemistry, Biology, and Application

“…Diels-Alder adducts of E,E dienes with tetracyanoethylene (204,205,211) or sulfur dioxide (206), urea complexes (213), or recrystallization (214) have been used to separate mixtures. Equilibration of isomeric diene mixtures to predominantly E,E dienes has been accomplished by heating without solvent in the presence of benzenethiol (215,216) or in lower yield by photolysis in the presence of 12 (210,217).…”

“…Allylic nonconjugated enynols have been rearranged (206,217,223) to prepare mixtures of E and Z conjugated enynes, which can be separated prior to further reaction, or as in one case (223) treated with the alkyl lithium reagent (486) in the presence of dilithium tetrachlorocuprate to give an E-enyne (Scheme 86). Conjugated enynes have also been prepared by dehydration of \t-ynols (202,213,217,224), by Wittig reaction (213), via vinyl copper intermediates (225) (Scheme 87), and from alkenyl boranes (see below).…”

“…Conjugated enynes have also been prepared by dehydration of \t-ynols (202,213,217,224), by Wittig reaction (213), via vinyl copper intermediates (225) (Scheme 87), and from alkenyl boranes (see below). The acetylene can be reduced to a Zolefin with Lindlar catalyst (213,217,226) or preferably via hydroboration-protonolysis (223,224,227), or to an E-olefin with lithium aluminium hydride (225).…”

The significance of blends of two sex pheromone components on the behavior of maleSpodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Its sex pheromone was identified as a mixture of (Z,E)-9, ll-tetradecadienyl acetate (Compound A) and (Z,E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Compound B) and the blend ratio of compounds A and B in extracts of females is 9:1 (Tamaki et al 1973). Mixtures of these chemicals ranging from 8:2 to 39:1 showed equally high attractiveness in a field trapping test (Yushima et al 1974).…”