Sex Offender Residential Mobility and Relegation: The Collateral Consequences Continue

A cross-sectional exploration of household financial reactions and homebuyer awareness of registered sex offenders in a rural, suburban, and urban county.

“…However, the supposed claims of sex offender registration and community notification are incongruous with the scholarly literature, which has suggested that the efficacies of these legislative procedures are questionable (Agan & Prescott, 2014;Letourneau et al, 2010;Prescott & Rockoff, 2011;Sperber, Lowenkamp, Carter, & Allman, 2010;Tewksbury & Jennings, 2010;Zevitz, 2006 (Chajewski & Mercado, 2009;Colombino, Mercado, Levenson, & Jeglic, 2011;Maguire & Singer, 2011;Nobles et al, 2012;Prescott & Rockoff, 2011;Socia, 2012b;Sperber et al, 2010). These legal provisions mandated upon RSOs have not achieved their purported claims, and discriminatory acts against RSOs reinforced by sex offender policies have encouraged their relocations into disadvantaged, vulnerable, and/or rural communities (Chajewski & Mercado, 2009;Clark & Duwe, 2015;Hipp et al, 2010;Mustaine et al, 2006aMustaine et al, , 2006bSloas et al, 2012;Socia, 2012a;Tewksbury et al, 2016).…”

“…The literature has consistently demonstrated that RSOs tend to reside in unfavorable living conditions (Clark & Duwe, 2015;Gordon, 2013;Hipp et al, 2010;Hughes & Burchfield, 2008;Hughes & Kadleck, 2008;Mustaine et al, 2006aMustaine et al, , 2006b, 2011bSocia, 2011Socia, , 2012aSocia, , 2016Socia & Stamatel, 2012;Suresh et al, 2010;Tewksbury & Mustaine, 2006Tewksbury et al, 2016;Tewksbury et al, 2007). Responses by community members to RSOs in their areas have resulted in disapproval of their presence, as evident of depressed home selling prices (Bian et al, 2013;Caudill et al, 2014;Larsen et al, 2003;Linden & Rockoff, 2008;Navarro & Rabe-Hemp, 2017;Pope, 2008;Wentland et al, 2014;Yeh, 2015).…”

“…Burchfield & Mingus, 2008;however, see Mustaine et al, 2006b; however, see Tewksbury et al, 2007;Hughes & Burchfield, 2008;Hughes & Kadleck, 2008;Mustaine et al, 2006b; Navarro & Rabe-Hemp, 2017 Poverty a Clark & Duwe, 2015;Craun, 2010;Gordon, 2013; however, see Tewksbury et al, 2007;Huebner et al, 2013;Hughes & Burchfield, 2008;Hughes & Kadleck, 2008;, Mustaine et al, 2006b; see Agan & Prescott, 2014;Sloas et al, 2012;Suresh et al, 2010;Tewksbury et al, 2016 Renter-occupied housing units a Barnes et al, 2009;Navarro & Rabe-Hemp, 2017 11 Although not operationalized by Craun (2010), it is presumed elderly persons are defined as persons aged 65 years and over.…”

“…Illinois has continued to be a hotbed of human socioecological explorations by scholars who have explored the effects of RSOs to communities (Burchfield & Mingus, 2008;Hughes & Burchfield, 2008;Navarro & Rabe-Hemp, 2017;Socia & Stamatel, 2012;Suresh et al, 2010). Contiguous to Illinois, Kentucky (and Jefferson County) has been explored quite extensively by Tewksbury and his colleagues Mustaine et al, 2006aMustaine et al, , 2006bTewksbury & Lees, 2006;Tewksbury et al, 2016;Tewksbury et al, 2007;Tewksbury, Mustaine, & Stengel, 2008), among others (Sloas et al, 2012). Several of these sex offender-based studies mentioned above utilized census tracts as their unit of analysis rather than census block groups to represent neighborhood characteristics of Illinois and Kentucky (Burchfield & Mingus, 2008;Hughes & Burchfield, 2008;Mustaine et al, 2006aMustaine et al, , 2006bSuresh et al, 2010;Tewksbury et al, 2007;.…”

“…These legal acts of discrimination prompted a variety of adverse effects (better known as collateral consequences) for RSOs. Primary among the collateral consequences faced by convicted sex offenders is their relegation into socially disadvantaged communities (Burchfield & Mingus, 2008;Clark & Duwe, 2015;Craun, 2010;Gordon, 2013;Hipp et al, 2010;Huebner et al, 2013;Hughes & Burchfield, 2008;Hughes & Kadleck, 2008;Mustaine, Tewksbury, & Stengel, 2006b;Mustaine & Tewksbury, 2011b; see also Yeh, 2015;Sloas, Steele, & Hare, 2012;Socia, 2011Socia, , 2012aSocia, , 2016Socia, Levenson, Ackerman, & Harris, 2015;Socia & Stamatel, 2012;Suresh, Mustaine, Tewksbury, & Higgins, 2010;Tewksbury & Mustaine, 2006Tewksbury, Mustaine, & Rolfe, 2016). Another act of discrimination included banishment into the outskirts of the main metropolitan cities (Berenson & Appelbaum, 2011;Chajewski & Mercado, 2009;see Huebner et al, 2013; see also Socia, 2011Socia, , 2012aZandbergen & Hart, 2006).…”