Sex-linked variation of Loxosceles intermedia spider venoms

Oliveira, Kátia C.; Andrade, Rute Maria Gonçalves de; Giusti, Adriana L.; Silva, Wilmar Dias da; Tambourgi, Denise V.

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00130-5

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The frequency of this form observed in our study was lower than has been reported by other authors 27,28 . Some spider factors are speculated to be associated with poorer bite outcome, such as sex 21 , ontogenetic variations 1 and species 28 . In Santa Catarina State, Brazil, where L. laeta is frequently found, hemolysis was described in 13% 28 ; a similar proportion of viscerocutaneous form were found in Chile, where L. laeta is also a prevalent species 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in São Paulo, Brazil

Málaque

Castro-Valencia

Cardoso

et al. 2002

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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A retrospective study analysed 359 proven or presume cases of loxoscelism seen at the Hospital Vital Brazil, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil, between 1985 and 1996. The spider was identified in 14%. The bites occurred predominantly in the urban areas (73%) between September and February. Patients > 14 years were commonest inflicted (92%) and 41% were bitten while getting dressed. Only 11% sought medical care within the first 12 hours post bite. Cutaneous loxoscelism was the commonest form presenting (96%); commonest manifestations were: pain (76%), erythema (72%), edema with enduration (66%), ecchymosis (39%). Skin necrosis occurred in 53% of patients, most frequently seen on trunk, tigh and upper arm, and when patients seek medical care more than 72 hours after bite. Local infection was detected in 12 patients (3%). Hemolysis was confirmed in 4 cases (1.1%). Generalised cutaneous rash, fever and headache were also observed in 48% of the total of patients. None of them had acute renal failure or died. Treatment usually involved antivenom administration (66%), being associated with corticosteroids (47%) or dapsone (30%). Presumptive diagnosis of loxoscelism may be established based on clinical and epidemiological findings. Further investigations are required to prove the value of antivenom and other treatment schedules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in São Paulo, Brazil

Málaque

Castro-Valencia

Cardoso

et al. 2002

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Significantly less dramatic variations in the peptide complement of injected venoms have been reported for several other organisms, including snakes (Chippaux et al, 1991;Creer et al, 2003;Daltry et al, 1996a,b;Francischetti et al, 2000;MacKessy et al, 2003;Monteiro et al, 1998a,b), spiders (Binford, 2001;Cristina de Oliveira et al, 1999;Escoubas et al, 2002) The α-, ω-conotoxins and s4a have all been previously isolated from the DV and characterized. Underlined peptides are those that are putatively identified in this work by mass matching to published cDNA sequences with predicted modifications.…”

Section: Conus Catus As Determined By Maldi-msmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Sequence s4b is not included in this and Her, 2000). Variation of the peptide profiles of these other venomous animals has been associated with sex (Binford, 2001;Cristina de Oliveira et al, 1999;Escoubas et al, 2002), diet (Daltry et al, 1996b), age (Escoubas et al, 2002), geography (Binford, 2001;Creer et al, 2003), season (Monteiro et al, 1998b) and venom regeneration time (Pimenta et al, 2003). Studies controlling many of these factors have still observed venom variation, implying that intraspecific differences can be a result of genetic as well as environmental factors (Daltry et al, 1996a;Francischetti et al, 2000;Kalapothakis and Chavez-Olortegui, 1997;Monteiro et al, 1998a,b).…”

Section: Conus Catus As Determined By Maldi-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation of venom injected by fish-hunting Conussnails

Jakubowski

Kelley

Sweedler

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Venom peptides from two species of fish-hunting cone snails (Conus striatus and Conus catus) were characterized using microbore liquid chromatography coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry. Both crude venom isolated from the venom duct and injected venom obtained by milking were studied. Based on analysis of injected venom samples from individual snails, significant intraspecific variation (i.e. between individuals) in the peptide complement is observed. The mixture of peptides in injected venom is simpler than that in the crude duct venom from the same snail, and the composition of crude venom is more consistent from snail to snail. While there is animal-to-animal variation in the peptides present in the injected venom, the composition of any individual's injected venom remains relatively constant over time in captivity. Most of the Conus striatus individuals tested injected predominantly a combination of two neuroexcitatory peptides (s4a and s4b),while a few individuals had unique injected-venom profiles consisting of a combination of peptides, including several previously characterized from the venom duct of this species. Seven novel peptides were also putatively identified based on matches of their empirically derived masses to those predicted by published cDNA sequences. Profiling injected venom of Conus catus individuals using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry demonstrates that intraspecific variation in the mixture of peptides extends to other species of piscivorous cone snails. The results of this study imply that novel regulatory mechanisms exist to select specific venom peptides for injection into prey.

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“…Larger amounts of circulating venom may damage the RBC membrane and trigger hemolytic anemia. It is known that female Loxosceles sp spiders are bigger than males and yield twice as much venom (7). A female adult spider plenty of venom, i.e., that has not bitten any other animal yet, and a bite reaching a small vein would spread venom through the circulation, possibly explaining the hemolysis that only occurs in a few individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The calcium-dependent protease of Loxosceles gaucho venom acts preferentially upon red cell band 3 transmembrane protein

Barretto¹,

Satake

Nonoyama

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Eighty micrograms red blood cell (RBC) ghosts from patients who had previously exhibited the cutaneous form of loxoscelism (presenting localized dermonecrosis) and the viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism (presenting dermonecrosis, hemoglobinuria, hematuria, and jaundice) and from controls were incubated with 2.5 µg crude Loxosceles gaucho venom in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37ºC. Among all membrane proteins, quantitative proteolysis of the important integral transmembrane protein 3 increased with venom dose and with incubation time from 30 to 120 min, as demonstrated by gel densitometry. Similar quantitative data were obtained for RBC ghosts from patients and from control subjects, a fact that argues against the possibility of genetic factors favoring the hemolytic viscerocutaneous form. These data suggest that the clinical forms may be different types of the same disease, with the viscerocutaneous form being the result of large amounts of intravascularly injected venom and the superficial form being the result of in situ venom action. Since protein 3 is a housekeeping integral membrane protein, whose genetic deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia, it is reasonable to relate it to the hemolysis which occurs in the viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism. The venom protease responsible for the process was not inhibited after 120-min incubation by 0.2 mM paramethylsulfonyl fluoride or by 0.2 mM Nethylmaleimide but was inhibited by 25 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (a calcium-chelating agent) in 5 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, which suggests that the enzyme is a calcium-dependent metalloprotease.

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Sex-linked variation of Loxosceles intermedia spider venoms

Cited by 62 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in São Paulo, Brazil

Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in São Paulo, Brazil

Intraspecific variation of venom injected by fish-hunting Conussnails

The calcium-dependent protease of Loxosceles gaucho venom acts preferentially upon red cell band 3 transmembrane protein

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