Sex-Linked Molecular Markers Identify Female Lines in Endosperm-Derived Kiwifruit Callus and in Regenerants

Chłosta, Iwona; Kwolek, Dagmara; Śliwińska, Elwira; Góralski, Grzegorz; Popielarska-Konieczna, Marzena

doi:10.3390/plants10030526

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[26], pistachio (Pistacia vera) [27]. Recently, Chłosta and co-workers [28] exploited the SyGI marker to exclude male and identify female lines in endosperm-derived kiwifruit callus and its regenerants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular protocol for Early Sex Discrimination (ESD) in Actinidia spp

Mori

Testolin

Cipriáni

2022

JBR

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Dioecism and an extended juvenile phase of 3–7 years in kiwifruit hinder the progress in breeding new cultivars. The identification of fruit-bearing females at an early stage of growth is crucial for breeders. Consequently, molecular markers have become a key tool for identifying female and male plants at an early stage of development. Several efforts were made to identify PCR-based sex linked markers in Actinidia; however, those markers are characterized by a highly polymorphic nature affecting the result of the screening reliability, suggesting the need of more suitable, stable markers, characterized by a consistent transferability among genotypes and species. The main goal of this work was to develop a method for the ultimate discrimination of females from male plants at an early stage of growth using sex-linked markers. We developed an Early Sex Discrimination molecular Test (ESD Test) that allows the discrimination of male and female plants using a simple PCR amplification test. We demonstrate that the test could unequivocally identify the gender of an unknown sample both in the most commercially important species A. chinensis and in further 13 Actinidia species tested with the exception of Actinidia latifolia, where markers fail in gender discrimination. Male genotypes could be easily identified and discarded reducing the cost of a breeding program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular protocol for Early Sex Discrimination (ESD) in Actinidia spp

Mori

Testolin

Cipriáni

2022

JBR

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“…When comparing the 1Cx values of tetraploid and hexaploid plants (0.79 pg vs. 0.75 pg), a downsizing of the monoploid genome size is observed. This may be a result of aneuploidy as suggested by Chłosta et al (2021).…”

Section: Nuclear Dna Content and Dna-ploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Machno and Przywara 1997), A. chinensis var. deliciosa (Góralski et al 2005;Chłosta et al 2021), and A. kolomikta (Asakura and Hoshino 2017). However, Machno and Przywara (1997) found that during the culturing of endosperm-derived callus of A. arguta (the name of the cultivar not provided), only roots and a few abnormal shoots were formed and no normal regenerants suitable for further breeding developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of medium composition, genotype and age of explant on the regeneration of hexaploid plants from endosperm culture of tetraploid kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

Abdullah

Śliwińska

Góralski

et al. 2021

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Endosperm, an ephemeral and storage tissue, serves as a source of nutrition and protection during embryo development and germination. It can be used for the cultivation of polyploid plants in vitro. Here, results of plant regeneration and acclimatization from the endosperm-derived calli of four cultivars of Actinidia arguta has been presented. Seeds excised from fresh fruit and dry seeds stored for one year served as the sources of endosperm explants of selected tetraploid cultivars of A. arguta. Callus Induction Medium (CIM; containing 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/l of TDZ) and Actinidia Endosperm Medium (AEM; containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D and 5 mg/l of kinetin) were used to study the organogenic responses of the calli. On AEM, the source of explant did not significantly affect the rate of callus induction for any of the tested cultivars; no organogenic events were observed. In contrast, on CIM both the source of explants and the cultivar origin caused significant differences in callus formation and subsequent organogenic events. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed the adventitious nature of shoot bud formation on these media. The most efficient elongation of shoot buds was achieved after transferring organogenic calli with adventitious shoot buds to a medium supplemented with zeatin or meta-topolin. Robust root induction with minimal basal callus formation occurred on the medium with indole-3-acetic acid. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the nuclear DNA content in the leaves of some regenerants was approximately 50 % higher (4.5 pg/2C) than that in leaves from the tetraploid seedlings (3.1 pg/2C),which confirmed that those regenerants originated from the endosperm. The regeneration of such hexaploid plants was more efficient when endosperm from fresh seeds served as an explant; therefore, fresh rather than dry seeds are recommended for endosperm-derived plant production. The hexaploid plants of A. arguta can serve as an important source of breeding material.

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“…Molecular sexing based on molecular markers has been used for sex selection in commercial crops like date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), and kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) (Intha and Chaiprasart 2018, Chłosta et al 2021, Drost 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination of papaya var. ‘Maradol’ reveals hermaphrodite-to-male sex reversal under greenhouse conditions

Ávila-Hernández,

Camas-Reyes,

Martinez-Antonio

2023

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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Papaya is a nutritious fruit cultivated worldwide under suitable climate conditions. This plant is polygamous, bearing female, male, and hermaphrodite sex types determined by sex chromosomes XX, XY, and XY h , respectively. In this paper, a molecular sex determination of papaya var. 'Maradol' was carried out based on PCR and specific primers. Specific molecular markers resulted in sixty-nine hermaphrodites and twenty-one female plants, matching 100% to the flower morphology. Nevertheless, since the summer stressing conditions rose in the greenhouse, sex reversal to male phenotype was observed in 43% of hermaphrodite plants due to high-temperature conditions. A specific male marker could not detect that change, supporting the proposal that sex reversal is caused by harsh environmental conditions aimed at epigenetic modification and genes related to hormones. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of molecular sex determination and the importance of controlling the growing requirements of papaya to avoid sex reversal.

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Sex-Linked Molecular Markers Identify Female Lines in Endosperm-Derived Kiwifruit Callus and in Regenerants

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

A molecular protocol for Early Sex Discrimination (ESD) in Actinidia spp

A molecular protocol for Early Sex Discrimination (ESD) in Actinidia spp

Effect of medium composition, genotype and age of explant on the regeneration of hexaploid plants from endosperm culture of tetraploid kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

Sex determination of papaya var. ‘Maradol’ reveals hermaphrodite-to-male sex reversal under greenhouse conditions

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