Sex Hormones and Immunosenescence

Gómez, Christian R.; Nomellini, Vanessa; Kovacs, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_42

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Aging significantly alters the endocrine system, particularly in the sex steroids and immunosenescence systems. It gives immune responses to viral infection a sex- and gendered dimension, which helps older females better defend against diseases ( Gomez et al, 2019 ; Zarulli et al, 2018 ). These have helped females survive better from previous famines and epidemics and probably play a role in causing the male-biased effects of COVID-19.…”

Section: Role Of Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors

Mourosi

Anwar

2022

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Section: Role Of Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors

Mourosi

Anwar

2022

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…This is true for both sexes, and a variety of explanations suggested, from access to hospital and intensive care facilities, comorbidities, and immunosenescence. The latter may be due to decline in sex hormones in both sexes ( Gomez et al, 2019 ). Menopause is specifically addressed later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Mechanisms of the Sex-Based Difference in Outcomes of COVID19 Infection

Wray

Arrowsmith

2021

Front. Physiol.

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The scale of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has thrust a spotlight on the sex-based differences in response to viral diseases; morbidity and mortality are greater in men than women. We outline the mechanisms by which being female offers a degree of protection from COVID19, that persists even when confounders such as comorbidities are considered. The physiological and immunological mechanisms are fascinating and range from incomplete X chromosome inactivation of immune genes, a crucial role for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and regulation of both immune activity and ACE2 by sex steroids. From this flows understanding of why lung and other organs are more susceptible to COVID19 damage in men, and how their distinct immunological landscapes need to be acknowledged to guide prognosis and treatment. Pregnancy, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy bring changed hormonal environments and the need for better stratification in COVID19 studies. We end by noting clinical trials based on increasing estrogens or progesterone or anti-testosterone drugs; excellent examples of translational physiology.

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Age-dependent response of murine female bone marrow cells to hyperbaric oxygen

et al. 2012

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Consequences of age on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone marrow (BM) derived stem cells and progenitors (SCPs) are largely unknown. We treated 2- and 18-month old C57BL/6 female mice by HBO. Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, enumerated as colony-forming units in culture, were doubled only in peripheral leukocytes and BM cells of young mice receiving HBO. In old mice colony-forming unit fibroblast numbers, a measure of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from BM, were high but unaffected by HBO. To further explore this finding, in BM-MSCs we quantified the transcripts of adipocyte early-differentiation genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β and fatty-acid binding protein 4; these transcripts were not affected by age or HBO. However, osteoblast gene transcripts runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix (OSX) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were twofold to 20-fold more abundant in MSCs from old control mice relative to those of young control mice. HBO affected expression of osteoblast markers only in old MSCs (OSX gene expression was reduced by twofold and AP expression was increased threefold). Our data demonstrate the impact of aging on the response of BM SCPs to HBO and indicate the potentially different age-related benefit of HBO in wound healing and tissue remodeling.

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Sex Hormones and Immunosenescence

Cited by 4 publications

References 253 publications

The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors

The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors

The Physiological Mechanisms of the Sex-Based Difference in Outcomes of COVID19 Infection

Age-dependent response of murine female bone marrow cells to hyperbaric oxygen

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