Sex hormones and hypertension

Dubey, Raghvendra K.; Oparil, Suzanne; Imthurn, Bruno; Jackson, Edwin K.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00527-2

Cited by 471 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Estradiol exposure is implicated in the aetiology of breast cancer and has been hypothesized as having involvement in the development of hypertension, although perhaps serving a protective role. 24 Hypertension and BMI in our study population were found to be highly correlated (data not shown), yet BMI did not fully account for the association between treated hypertension and breast cancer risk in these analyses as BMI was included as a covariate. Similarly, a history of diabetes did not explain this association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

et al. 2006

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It is unclear whether hypertension and antihypertensive medication use are associated with breast cancer. In order to examine these associations, we conducted a case-control study among women aged 50-75 years. Breast cancer cases were ascertained via a populationbased cancer registry (n ¼ 523) and controls were ascertained via random-digit-dialing (n ¼ 131). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire which queried history of hypertension, antihypertensive medication use and risk factors. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, menopausal status, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, age at first full-term pregnancy and education.History of treated hypertension was associated with significant increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.03) and this association appeared only in women with BMI X25 kg/m 2 (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.12-4.71). Diuretic use was also associated with elevated breast cancer risk (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07-3.01). The risk associated with diuretic use increased with duration of use (P for trend, o0.01). Use of other blood pressure medications was not found to be associated with breast cancer risk. These results support a positive association between treated hypertension, diuretic use and breast cancer risk among women aged 50-75 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

et al. 2006

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“…3,5 The mechanisms underlying the sex difference in BP are not well understood, but sex hormones have been suggested as a possible cause. [6][7][8] The favourable position among women in terms of BP and hypertension is not as clearly observed in South Asian descent populations compared with others. For example, in the Hindustani-Surinamese of South Asian descent, we did not observe a sex difference in hypertension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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It is unclear whether the sex difference that is known to occur in blood pressure (BP) is similar in some South Asian populations. This study presents a meta-analysis of the sex difference in BP, hypertension and the role of body mass index (BMI) in South Asian diaspora compared with populations of European descent. We systematically searched for studies that reported BP and hypertension among South Asian descent populations living in Europe and North America. Weighted mean differences in BP and risk ratios (RR) for hypertension were calculated for men and women. We included 11 studies in this meta-analysis. In general, men had a higher BP and prevalence of hypertension than women, for example, systolic BP was higher in men than in women among the Indian (7.21 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.46-9.95) and European populations (6.12 mm Hg, 95% CI: 4.45-7.80). The difference was less in the Pakistani population (4.00 mm Hg, 95% CI: 2.65-5.36). The Bangladeshi population showed a comparatively small sex difference in systolic (2.93 mm Hg, 95% CI: 1.20-4.66) and diastolic BP (0.68 mm Hg, 95% CI: À1.76 to 3.12) and prevalence of hypertension (RR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.66-2.46). Sex differences in BMI for the South Asian populations were greater than those in Europeans. The Indian population had similar sex differences in BP and hypertension compared with Europeans, but Pakistani and Bangladeshi had smaller sex differences. Sex differences in BMI might relate to the blunted sex differences in BP in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations. Further research should focus on factors that underlie this intriguing sex difference among South Asian populations.

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“…In general, sex differences have not been extensively explored, since most of the studies were done with male animals. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain gender differences in pressure levels: 1) increased estrogen (28) or decreased testosterone levels (29,30); 2) differential activity of the renin-angiotensin system and its association with oxidative stress (29-31); 3) gender differences in vasomotor reactivity, which depends on the anatomic origin of the artery (32).…”

Section: Mechanisms Conditioning Cardiovascular Changes In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

Amaral

Michelini

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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There is accumulating evidence that physical inactivity, associated with the modern sedentary lifestyle, is a major determinant of hypertension. It represents the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men and women. In addition to involving sympathetic overactivity that alters hemodynamic parameters, hypertension is accompanied by several abnormalities in the skeletal muscle circulation including vessel rarefaction and increased arteriole wall-to-lumen ratio, which contribute to increased total peripheral resistance. Low-intensity aerobic training is a promising tool for the prevention, treatment and control of high blood pressure, but its efficacy may differ between men and women and between male and female animals. This review focuses on peripheral training-induced adaptations that contribute to a blood pressure-lowering effect, with special attention to differential responses in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscle arterioles (but not kidney arterioles) undergo eutrophic outward remodeling in trained male SHR, which contributed to a reduction of peripheral resistance and to a pressure fall. In contrast, trained female SHR showed no change in arteriole wall-to-lumen ratio and no pressure fall. On the other hand, training-induced adaptive changes in capillaries and venules (increased density) were similar in male and female SHR, supporting a similar hyperemic response to exercise.

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Sex hormones and hypertension

Cited by 471 publications

References 233 publications

Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

Effect of gender on training-induced vascular remodeling in SHR

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