Sex Hormones and Growth

Keutmann, E. Henry

doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)35306-8

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…However, these results are in contrast to those found in humans [24], namely that males have an increased vertebral height compared to women [24]. As previously reported for humans [25], dogs [26], cat [27] and marine mammals [28], sexual dimorphism and sex hormones play significant roles in the growth and maintenance of the skeletal system, resulting in a larger body size of males compared to females [29]. In this study, although male vertebrae were on average 58% longer and 53% higher than females, this difference was not significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types

Phansangiemjit,

Kasemjiwat,

Patchanee

et al. 2024

Animals

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The objective of this study was to elucidate the differences in vertebral length, vertebral height, and vertebral length/height ratio of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), the second lumbar vertebra (L2), the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) based on radiographs in dogs with various body sizes, skull types, and thoracic conformations and to determine the relationships of these parameters with age and sex. A total of 258 dogs were included in this study and classified by three criteria—BW (Criterion 1), skull type (Criterion 2), and thoracic conformation (Criterion 3). Age had weak negative correlations with vertebral length and height. Sex did not affect the vertebral size parameters. BW had strong positive correlations with vertebral length and height, but there was no influence of BW on vertebral length/height ratio. Regarding the different body sizes and conformations, large breeds had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than small and medium breeds (p < 0.001). In Criterion 2, the vertebrae of the mesocephalic dogs had significantly greater length and height than those of the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs (p < 0.05). In Criterion 3, both deep-chest and round-chest dogs had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than the barrel-chest dogs (p < 0.0001). Only vertebral length/height ratios of T4 were not influenced by age, sex, BW, skull type, and thoracic conformation. Age, differences in body size, skull type, and thoracic conformation could affect the vertebral size in dogs. Therefore, using breed-specific vertebral lengths and/or heights is a better approach for comparative radiographic analysis with vertebral measurements.

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