Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment

Cooper, Adam I.; Gupta, Sapana R.; Moustafa, Afaf F.; Chao, Ariana M.

doi:10.1007/s13679-021-00453-x

Cited by 213 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Since all these features significantly differ between men and women, sex differences are particularly relevant in T2DM [ 48 , 49 ]. To be more specific, obesity is more prevalent in women [ 50 ], whereas in men there is a higher risk of developing T2DM [ 51 ]. However, accumulating visceral fat is linked to the development of T2DM [ 52 ].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since all these featu significantly differ between men and women, sex differences are particularly relevant T2DM [48,49]. To be more specific, obesity is more prevalent in women [50], whereas The T2DM pathogenesis is strictly linked to obesity. Thus, it is known that the BMI, adipose tissue dysfunction and the expression of adipokines secreted by the adipose tissue play an essential role in the T2DM etiopathogenesis [29,48].…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women

Lucà¹,

Abrignani

Parrini

et al. 2022

JCM

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have a lower prevalence in women than men; although, a higher mortality rate and a poorer prognosis are more common in women. However, there is a misperception of CVD female risk since women have commonly been considered more protected so that the real threat is vastly underestimated. Consequently, female patients are more likely to be treated less aggressively, and a lower rate of diagnostic and interventional procedures is performed in women than in men. In addition, there are substantial sex differences in CVD, so different strategies are needed. This review aims to evaluate the main gender-specific approaches in CVD.

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Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women

Lucà¹,

Abrignani

Parrini

et al. 2022

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another important aspect of the relationship between executive functioning and weight is the relationship between executive functioning and biological sex. Previous studies have shown how females and males show different eating behavior patterns [ 20 ]; furthermore, the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity differ between sexes [ 21 ]. Females, compared to males, show a higher sensitivity to environmental food cues, which may account for the higher prevalence of obesity in the female population [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown how females and males show different eating behavior patterns [ 20 ]; furthermore, the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity differ between sexes [ 21 ]. Females, compared to males, show a higher sensitivity to environmental food cues, which may account for the higher prevalence of obesity in the female population [ 21 ]. Moreover, some authors have highlighted a certain functional difference in executive functioning when gender differences are considered, especially in higher-level executive functions (e.g., decision making), which are more influenced by secondary factors such as metabolic, hormonal, and autonomic factors [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Executive Functions: A Possible Role of Sex and Weight Condition in Planning and Decision-Making Performances

et al. 2022

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Evidence indicates an association between executive functioning and increased weight, with different patterns ascribed to individual differences (sex, age, lifestyles). This study reports on the relationship between high-level executive functions and body weight. Sixty-five young adults participated in the study: 29 participants (14 males, 15 females) in the normal weight range; 36 participants (18 males, 18 females) in the overweight range. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Tower of London Task were administered to assess decision making and planning. Planning did not differ in individuals in the normal-weight and overweight groups, and no difference emerged between females and males. However, normal and overweight males and females had different patterns in decision making. On the long-term consequences index of the IGT, females reported lower scores than males. Males in the overweight range had a lower long-term consequences index on the IGT than normal-weight males, while this pattern did not emerge in females. These findings suggest that decision-making responses may differ in the overweight relative to healthy weight condition, with a different expression in males and females. This pattern should be considered in weight loss prevention strategies, possibly adopting different approaches in males and females.

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“…For example, women have a smaller vessel size than men and suffer from a higher age-related risk of hypertension, especially postmenopausal women with decreased estrogen [ 16 ]. Furthermore, physical inactivity in women is more likely to be diagnosed with obesity [ 17 , 18 ]. Therefore, there is a need to explore the association between PA and cardiometabolic health in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Objectively Determined Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wiltshire

Baker

et al. 2022

Biology

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The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively synthesize and quantitatively assess the evidence of the relationship between objectively determined volumes of physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic health in women. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library) were searched and, finally, 24 eligible studies were included, with a total of 2105 women from eight countries. A correlational meta-analysis shows that moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was favorably associated with high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.25; p = 0.002); however, there was limited evidence for the effects of most of the other cardiometabolic biomarkers recorded from steps, total physical activity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity and MVPA. It is most compelling and consistent that being more physically active is beneficial to the metabolic syndrome. Overall, PA levels are low in adult women, suggesting that increasing the total volume of PA is more important than emphasizing the intensity and duration of PA. The findings also indicate that, according to the confounding effects of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, meeting the minimal level of 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity recommended is not enough to obtain a significant improvement in cardiometabolic indicators. Nonetheless, the high heterogeneity between studies inhibits robust conclusions.

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Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment

Cited by 213 publications

References 85 publications

Update on Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women

Update on Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women

High-Level Executive Functions: A Possible Role of Sex and Weight Condition in Planning and Decision-Making Performances

Associations between Objectively Determined Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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