Sex/gender and socioeconomic differences in modifiable risk factors for dementia

Geraets, Anouk F J; Leist, Anja

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27368-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Among 8941 ELSA participants, self-reported household wealth was measured as the total value of home (minus outstanding mortgage), physical items such as jewelry, business assets such as investments, and financial assets, including cash and savings (minus debts and loans). 146 The lowest tertile of wealth was associated with 1.63 times the risk of dementia (95% CI, 1.26–2.12) and middle tertile of wealth with 1.22 times the risk of dementia (95% CI, 0.93–1.60) compared with the highest wealth tertile.…”

Section: Brain Healthmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among 8941 ELSA participants, low occupational attainment (routine/manual) was associated with 1.60 times the risk of dementia (95% CI, 1.23–2.09) and intermediate occupational attainment with 1.53 times the risk of dementia (95% CI, 1.15–2.06) compared with high occupational attainment (managerial or professional) after adjustment for age and sex. 146…”

Section: Brain Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Martin,

Aday,

Almarzooq

et al. 2024

Circulation

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BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS: The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year’s edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS: Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS: The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

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Section: Brain Healthmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Brain Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Martin,

Aday,

Almarzooq

et al. 2024

Circulation

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“…Studies conducted in the general population have suggested that factors such as blood pressure, physical activity, longer education, and former alcohol use have a different effect in men and women on the risk of developing dementia [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Dementia among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011–2020: Sex-Related Disparities and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

López‐de‐Andrés

Jiménez‐García

Zamorano-León

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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(1) Background: To assess changes in the prevalence of dementia among patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to analyze the effects of dementia on in-hospital mortality (IHM) in this population, to evaluate sex differences, and to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these parameters. (2) Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select all patients with T2DM aged 60 years or over admitted to Spanish hospitals from 2011 to 2020. We identified those with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). The effect of sex, age, comorbidity, and COVID-19 on the prevalence of dementia subtypes and on IHM was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. (3) Results: We identified 5,250,810 hospitalizations with T2DM. All-cause dementia was detected in 8.31%, AD in 3.00%, and VaD in 1.55%. The prevalence of all subtypes of dementia increased significantly over time. After multivariable adjustment, higher values were observed in women for all-cause dementia (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.33–1.35), AD (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.58–1.62), and VaD (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.11–1.14). However, female sex was a protective factor for IHM in patients with all-cause dementia (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.89–0.91), AD (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.86–0.91), and VaD (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99). IHM among patients with dementia remained stable over time, until 2020, when it increased significantly. Higher age, greater comorbidity, and COVID-19 were associated with IHM in all dementia subtypes. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia (all-cause, AD, and VaD) in men and women with T2DM increased over time; however, the IHM remained stable until 2020, when it increased significantly, probably because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of dementia is higher in women than in men, although female sex is a protective factor for IHM.

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“…Suggesting interventions for dementia, considering gender and serum uric acid variations, necessitates personalized strategies to accommodate diverse responses and specific factors influencing treatment efficacy [55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. Furthermore hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated serum uric acid, is associated with wellestablished risk factors for dementia including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension-and links to dementia [62].…”

Section: All-cause Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study

Chen,

Mi,

Lao

et al. 2024

BMC Med

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Background The global dementia prevalence is surging, necessitating research into contributing factors. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, serum uric acid (SUA) levels, and dementia risk. Methods Our prospective study comprised 466,788 participants without pre-existing MetS from the UK Biobank. We confirmed dementia diagnoses based on the ICD-10 criteria (F00-03). To evaluate the dementia risk concerning MetS, its components, and SUA levels, we applied Cox proportional hazards models, while adjusting for demographic factors. Results Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, we identified 6845 dementia cases. Individuals with MetS had a 25% higher risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–1.31). The risk increased with the number of MetS components including central obesity, dyslipidemia for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia for triglycerides. Particularly for those with all five components (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.51–2.04). Dyslipidemia for HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia for triglycerides were independently associated with elevated dementia risk (p < 0.01). MetS was further linked to an increased risk of all-cause dementia (11%) and vascular dementia (VD, 50%) among individuals with SUA levels exceeding 400 μmol/L (all-cause dementia: HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02–1.21; VD: HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28–1.77). Conclusions Our study provides robust evidence supporting the association between MetS, its components, and dementia risk. These findings emphasize the importance of considering MetS and SUA levels in assessing dementia risk, offering valuable insights for prevention and management strategies.

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Sex/gender and socioeconomic differences in modifiable risk factors for dementia

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Prevalence of Dementia among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011–2020: Sex-Related Disparities and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study

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