Sex, gender and blindness: a new framework for equity

Doyal, Lesley; Das-Bhaumik, Raja

doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000135

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…were more likely to have refractive error ³ 0.1 logMAR, which is consistent with the lower uptake of vision care among older males in Canada reported by Aljied et al Receiving eye care services would increase the likelihood of being fitted with lenses that better correct refractive error. In other countries, especially developing countries, the opposite appears to be true, i.e., access to optometry or ophthalmology services is more prevalent among males than females with vision loss (Doyal & Das-Bhaumik, 2018;B. A. Olusanya, Ashaye, Owoaje, Baiyeroju, & Ajayi, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of hearing and vision loss in older Canadians: An analysis of Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Mick¹,

Hämäläinen²,

Kolisang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objective: To describe the prevalence of hearing loss (HL), vision loss (VL) and dual sensory loss (DSL) in Canadians aged 45-85. Methods: Data from the first wave of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were used. Audiometry and visual acuity were measured. Prevalence proportions for 2012-2015 and counts for 2011 and 2016 were estimated.Results: In 2016, 1.5 million Canadian males aged 45-85 had HL, 1.8 million had VL, and 570,000 had DSL. Among females, 1.2 million had HL, 2.2 million had VL, and 450,000 had DSL. Prevalence counts increased 8.7-16.9% between 2011 and 2016. Prevalence proportions increased with age but decreased exponentially with severity of impairment. Males were more likely to have HL and DSL; VL was more common in females.Conclusion: HL, VL and DSL are highly prevalent among older Canadian adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of hearing and vision loss in older Canadians: An analysis of Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Mick¹,

Hämäläinen²,

Kolisang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…50,51 The sex disparity may be due to complex behavioral, social, and economic decision making differences between men and women regarding health-related necessities. 52 Future studies are needed to better understand the reasons behind these observed association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and Determinants of Eyecare Utilization and Eyeglass Affordability Among Individuals With Visual Impairment in a Multi-Ethnic Population-Based Study in Singapore

Gupta

Majithia

Fenwick

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Rates and determinants of eyecare utilization and eyeglass affordability among individuals with visual impairment in a multi-ethnic population-based study in Singapore. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2020;9(5):11, https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.5.11Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of, and factors associated with, eyecare utilization and spectacle affordability among Singaporeans with vision impairment (VI). Methods:We included adults with VI from their second visit of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study. Data on eyecare utilization and spectacle affordability were collected. Low eyecare utilization was defined as no eye check ever or eye checks not even once per year in reference to at least once per year. Difficulty affording glasses was defined as glasses being rated as expensive in reference to not expensive.Results: There were 985 adults (14.5%; 415 Malays, 260 Indian, and 310 Chinese; mean age [SD]: 69.5 [10.2] years; 55.4% women) with VI who answered the above questions, were included. Of these, 624 (63.4%) wore glasses. The rates of low eyecare utilization and difficulty affording eyeglasses were 31% and 63%, respectively. Compared to Chinese (23.8%) and Indians (18.8%), Malays (57.4%) had the highest rates of low eyecare utilization (P < 0.001), and most difficulty affording eyeglasses (47.2% vs. 26.1% and 26.6% in Chinese and Indians, respectively; P < 0.001). Younger age, low socioeconomic status, absence of diabetes, absence of self-reported eye conditions, and poor vision were independently associated with low eyecare utilization, whereas older age and female sex was associated with difficulty affording glasses. Conclusions:In this multi-ethnic population with VI, almost one-third had low eyecare utilization and nearly two-thirds reported difficulty affording eyeglasses.Translational Relevance: This will inform strategies, such as tailored eyecare utilization awareness campaigns and awareness of available subsidy schemes for at-risk Singaporeans, such as Malays.

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“…Also, a higher proportion of blindness due to macular degeneration was seen in females than in males, but for MSVI due to macular degeneration, the proportion of male patients was higher. Global reports have suggested that females access care less often than males in many areas of the world (5,10,11). This may be an explanation for our cataract results as well.…”

Section: Figure 2 Distribution Of Causes Of Msvi Based On Age Groupsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Causes of Blindness and Moderate-Severe Visual Impairment in Niğde, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Küçük¹

2019

Erciyes Med J

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Objective: We investigated the causes of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) in the Niğde province of Turkey using the disability health board records of the Niğde State Hospital. Materials and Methods: The disability health board reports of Niğde State Hospital recorded between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The causes of blindness and MSVI were determined using the cause in the better-seeing eye, based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The overall, age-related, and gender specific causes of blindness and MSVI were identified. Results: During the study period, 335 subjects were recorded as blind and 381 subjects were recorded as having MSVI. The main causes of blindness were retinitis pigmentosa (14.6%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (12.2%), and diabetic retinopathy (12.2%). In the MSVI group, the main causes were cataract (18.4%), AMD (16.5%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.9%). Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy were the leading causes of blindness, and, in addition to these, cataract was a prominent cause of MSVI. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa was unexpectedly high in this region of Turkey, which may be due to the high frequency of consanguineous marriages that are commonly seen in Middle Eastern countries. This information is important for planning public health policies and raising public awareness of the visual impairment, given that several leading causes of visual impairment are reversible or preventable.

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Sex, gender and blindness: a new framework for equity

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

The prevalence of hearing and vision loss in older Canadians: An analysis of Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

The prevalence of hearing and vision loss in older Canadians: An analysis of Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Rates and Determinants of Eyecare Utilization and Eyeglass Affordability Among Individuals With Visual Impairment in a Multi-Ethnic Population-Based Study in Singapore

Causes of Blindness and Moderate-Severe Visual Impairment in Niğde, Central Anatolia, Turkey

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