Sex estimation using external morphology of the frontal bone and frontal sinuses in a contemporary Czech population

Čechová, Marie; Dupej, Ján; Brůžek, Jaroslav; Bejdová, Šárka; Horák, Martin; Velemínská, Jana

doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02063-8

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This represents a very significant limitation for our work, as almost half of the whole sample is impacted. Thus, past approaches, such as using the ‘supraorbital line’ (SOL) (Christensen, 2004; Cameriere et al ., 2008; Nikam et al ., 2015; Nikolova et al ., 2018) or evaluation of complete sinuses, including the base (Čechová et al ., 2019), cannot be used for our purposes. Our proposed approach bypasses these limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are significant differences between males and females in the total volume and surface area of the frontal sinuses in randomly selected individuals from the contemporary Czech population, which is genetically similar to our sample (Čechová et al ., 2019). At the same time, the success rate of sex prediction was substantially decreased when using contemporary sex standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface models of frontal sinuses were segmented from the CT scans in M orphome3cs software (http://www.morphome3cs.com) (Musilová et al ., 2016; Čechová et al ., 2019) and were further processed and cleaned in Meshlab (Visual Computing Lab, Italian National Research Council), Avizo 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group, SAS) and Geomagic Studio 2012 (Raindrop Geomagic GmbH, 3D Systems).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sex classification was performed in Morphome3cs software using fitting support vector machines (SVM) on the combinations of total surface area and volume and maximum height and width of the frontal sinuses. Equations created for the contemporary Czech population were used on this sample (Čechová et al ., 2019). The sample on which the equations were based included 45 females and 58 males, aged 21–84 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, are there any significant differences between males and females within families in frontal sinus measurements? Whereas significant sex differences in frontal sinus size across different populations have been demonstrated (Akhlaghi et al ., 2016; Choi et al ., 2018; Čechová et al ., 2019), the unresolved question remains as to whether there are significant differences within families. Therefore, we seek to verify that we do not have to take the sex of individuals into account when detecting family relationships because sexual differences are not significant among biologically related individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological relationships and frontal sinus similarity in skeletal remains with known genealogical data

et al. 2020

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Frontal sinus analysis has potential utility for detecting biologically related individuals. However, the methodological approach to its evaluation, as well as its informative value, have been questioned. The aim of this work is to introduce a new approach to evaluating the frontal sinus using the ‘external supraorbital line’ (ESOL) and to determine whether there are sex differences within families in frontal sinus measurements and whether frontal sinus similarity reflects known genetic relationships in both measurements and morphology. We examined the skeletal remains of 41 adult individuals (25 males, 16 females), all members of one family over four generations (19th to 20th centuries), including individuals with very close consanguinity. CT images of skulls were acquired, and both the dimensions and morphology of the frontal sinuses were analyzed using their portions above the ESOL. No significant sex differences were found within families based on frontal sinus dimensions. Significant relationships were found between biological distance and the maximum height and morphology of the frontal sinuses. The greatest degree of similarity was found among closely related individuals. Additionally, in several cases, there was a greater degree of similarity between first cousins or grandparents and their grandchildren than among siblings or parents and their children. Total surface, volume and width are not significant indicators of relatedness. Known genetic relationships are also supported by individual morphological features. Variability within families with very close consanguineous relationships was lower than within families with common degrees of consanguinity, although differences are significant only for some variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological relationships and frontal sinus similarity in skeletal remains with known genealogical data

et al. 2020

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A geometric morphometric approach to the study of sexual dimorphism in the modern human frontal bone

Bove

Profico

Riga

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: We analyzed the main anatomical traits found in the human frontal bone by using a geometric morphometric approach. The objectives of this study are to explore how the frontal bone morphology varies between the sexes and to detect which part of the frontal bone are sexually dimorphic. Materials and methods: The sample is composed of 161 skulls of European and North American individuals of known sex. For each cranium, we collected 3D landmarks and semilandmarks on the frontal bone, to examine the entire morphology and separate modules (frontal squama, supraorbital ridges, glabellar region, temporal lines, and mid-sagittal profile). We used Procrustes ANOVAs and LDAs (linear discriminant analyses) to evaluate the relation between frontal bone morphology and sexual dimorphism and to calculate precision and accuracy in the classification of sex. Results: All the frontal bone traits are influenced by sexual dimorphism, though each in a different manner. Variation in shape and size differs between the sexes, and this study confirmed that the supraorbital ridges and glabella are the most important regions for sex determination, although there is no covariation between them. The variable size does not contribute significantly to the discrimination between sexes. Thanks to a geometric morphometric analysis, it was found that the size variable is not an important element for the determination of sex in the frontal bone. Conclusion: The usage of geometric morphometrics in analyzing the frontal bone has led to new knowledge on the morphological variations due to sexual dimorphism. The proposed protocol permits to quantify morphological covariation between modules, to calculate the shape variations related to sexual dimorphism including or omitting the variable size.

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Variation, sexual dimorphism, and enlargement of the frontal sinus with age in adult South Africans

Greening,

Hernandez,

Mongle

et al. 2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesTo document frontal sinus volume (FSV) in a sample of sub‐Saharan Africans with a view to evaluating claims that such populations exhibit comparatively small sinuses. This study also addresses questions related to sexual dimorphism, incidence of sinus aplasia, and the possibility that FSV continues to increase through adulthood.Materials and methodsFSV was measured from CT scans of adult crania from the Dart Collection. Sex and age were known for each individual. Linear cranial dimensions were used to compute a geometric mean from which a scaled FSV was computed for each cranium.ResultsFSV does not differ significantly between sexes, but females exhibit a higher incidence of aplasia. There is considerable variation in FSV in this sample, with the average ranking among the higher means reported for other population samples. The incidence of FS aplasia falls within the range of values recorded for other population samples. Although our study is cross‐sectional rather than longitudinal, there is strong evidence that FSV continues to increase with age throughout adulthood.DiscussionThe FSV mean of our sample contradicts the notion that sub‐Saharan Africans possess small sinuses. In a global context, geography (climate and altitude) does not appear to be related to FSV. The absence of sexual dimorphism in our sample is unexpected, as significant dimorphism has been reported for most other population samples. Our results support other indications that the frontal sinus continues to expand throughout adulthood, especially in females, and that it is likely due to bone resorption.

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Sex estimation using external morphology of the frontal bone and frontal sinuses in a contemporary Czech population

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

Biological relationships and frontal sinus similarity in skeletal remains with known genealogical data

Biological relationships and frontal sinus similarity in skeletal remains with known genealogical data

A geometric morphometric approach to the study of sexual dimorphism in the modern human frontal bone

Variation, sexual dimorphism, and enlargement of the frontal sinus with age in adult South Africans

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