Sex Disparities in Productivity among Oculoplastic Surgeons

Chiam, Mckenzee; Camacci, Mona Lotfipour; Khan, Alicia; Lehman, Erik; Pantanelli, Seth

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1740312

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…These findings are not unique to ophthalmology and are reported in other surgical specialties . The risk of bias of included studies was mostly fair (68 studies); 12 studies were assessed to have a low risk of bias, and these were mostly in authorship composition studies. Trends in sex disparities varied by career stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Of 4077 retrieved studies, we reviewed 154 full-text articles, with 91 eligible studies published between 1995 and 2022 (Figure). Most studies (57 [62.6%]) were published in or after 2018 (eTable 1 in the Supplement).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies (57 [62.6%]) were published in or after 2018 (eTable 1 in the Supplement). Eighty-seven studies were cross-sectional, and 4 studies were cohort. In the risk of bias assessment, 12 had low risk of bias (good), 68 were moderate (fair), and 11 were high (poor) (eTables 2 and 3 in the Supplement).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eighty-seven studies were cross-sectional, and 4 studies were cohort. In the risk of bias assessment, 12 had low risk of bias (good), 68 were moderate (fair), and 11 were high (poor) (eTables 2 and 3 in the Supplement). Studies were organized by themes across career stages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Disparities in Ophthalmology From Training Through Practice

Rousta,

Hussein,

Kohly

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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ImportanceSex-based research in medicine has revealed inequities against females on almost every metric at almost every career stage; ophthalmology is no exception.ObjectiveTo systematically review the experiences of females in ophthalmology (FiO) from training through practice in high-income countries (HICs).Evidence ReviewA systematic review of English-language studies, published between January 1990 and May 2022, relating to FiO in HICs was performed. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase electronic databases were searched, as well as the Journal of Academic Ophthalmology as it was not indexed in the searched databases. Studies were organized by theme at each career stage, starting in medical school when an interest in ophthalmology is expressed, and extending up to retirement.FindingsA total of 91 studies, 87 cross-sectional and 4 cohort, were included. In medical school, mentorship and recruitment of female students into ophthalmology was influenced by sex bias, with fewer females identifying with ophthalmologist mentors and gender stereotypes perpetuated in reference letters written by both male and female referees. In residency, females had unequal learning opportunities, with lower surgical case volumes than male trainees and fewer females pursued fellowships in lucrative subspecialties. In practice, female ophthalmologists had lower incomes, less academic success, and poorer representation in leadership roles. Female ophthalmologists had a greater scholarly impact factor than their male counterparts, but this was only after approximately 30 years of publication experience. Pervasive throughout all stages of training and practice was the experience of greater sexual harassment among females from both patients and colleagues. Despite these disparities, some studies found that females reported equal overall career satisfaction rating with males in ophthalmology, whereas others suggested higher burnout rates.Conclusions and RelevanceOphthalmology is approaching sex parity, however, the increase in the proportion of females in ophthalmology had not translated to an increase in female representation in leadership positions. Sex disparities persisted across many domains including recruitment, training, practice patterns, academic productivity, and income. Interventions may improve sex equity in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Disparities in Ophthalmology From Training Through Practice

Rousta,

Hussein,

Kohly

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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“…The m-quotient, which represents the h-index divided by career duration, is similar between men and women who publish in ophthalmology. 20,23,25,29 Similarly, rank may have a significant effect on these calculations, with h-indices being similar for men and women who were associate or full professors. 17,36 When comparing research productivity among ophthalmology residency or fellowship program directors (PDs), the number of publications and other markers of research productivity were also similar between men and women, 15,27,34 except in paediatric ophthalmology where female PDs had lower h-indices and m-quotients than men.…”

Section: Markers Of Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of women in academic ophthalmology: Authorship of papers, presentations, and academic promotions

Giannakakos,

Syed,

Culican

et al. 2024

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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As the field of ophthalmology has evolved in the last several decades, so has the gender distribution of ophthalmologists. We conducted a narrative review to further characterise the status of women in the realm of publication, presentations, editorial positions, grants, academic promotion, and financial compensation. While the proportion of women publishing, presenting, and filling academic and editorial roles has increased over time, it still does not match that of men. Women are more likely to be first authors instead of senior authors, have lower average h‐indices, and are awarded fewer grants. The magnitude of some of these differences is smaller when adjusted for women's shorter career duration on average. Despite increased representation of women in ophthalmology, women continue to receive less compensation for the same work. This review highlights that more can be done to improve gender parity in ophthalmology.

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