Sex differences on the judgment of line orientation task: A function of landmark presence and hormonal status

Goyette, Sharon Ramos; McCoy, John G.; Kennedy, Ashley; Sullivan, Meghan P.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.018

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The sex difference on the number line emerged because boys were able to make more precise fraction magnitude to visuospatial number line mappings that, in turn, were mediated by their advantage on the JLAP. Collaer and Nelson (2002) suggested the sex difference on the JLAP may be due to boys' and men's greater allocation of attention to Euclidean features of space as related to navigation, which would result in a heightened sensitivity to directional orientation (Goyette et al, 2012); for instance, implicitly understanding that moving from the current location to the desired one requires orienting 30 degrees westward and maintaining that orientation during travel. Even if the JLAP is sensitive to an evolved bias in the systems that support relative orientation during navigation, the development of these competencies and any associated sex differences is almost certainly also F I G U R E 6 Plots of boys' and girls' placements on the 0-to-5 fractions number line for students characterized as using log, two-anchor, and three-anchor strategies, respectively TA B L E 4 Sex differences in the threeanchor group influenced by spatial experiences during development (Geary, 2021;Levine et al, 2005).…”

Section: Number Line Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Boys’ advantage on the fractions number line is mediated by visuospatial attention: Evidence for a parietal‐spatial contribution to number line learning

Geary

Scofield

Hoard

et al. 2020

Developmental Science

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The study tested the hypotheses that boys will have an advantage learning the fractions number line and this advantage will be mediated by spatial abilities. Fractions number line and, as a contrast, fractions arithmetic performance were assessed for 342 adolescents, as was their intelligence, working memory, and various spatial abilities. Boys showed smaller placement errors on the fractions number line (d = −0.22) and correctly solved more fractions arithmetic problems (d = 0.23) than girls. Working memory and intelligence predicted performance on both fractions measures, and a measure of visuospatial attention uniquely predicted number line performance and fully mediated the sex difference. Visuospatial working memory uniquely predicted fractions arithmetic performance and fully mediated the sex difference. The results help to clarify the nuanced relations between spatial abilities and formal mathematics learning and the sex differences that often emerge in mathematical domains that have a visuospatial component.

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Section: Number Line Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Boys’ advantage on the fractions number line is mediated by visuospatial attention: Evidence for a parietal‐spatial contribution to number line learning

Geary

Scofield

Hoard

et al. 2020

Developmental Science

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“…When solving spatial tasks, men preferentially use a place strategy involving Euclidian cues, whereas women preferentially use a response strategy involving local landmarks (Cherney et al, 2008; Dabbs et al, 1998; Lawton, 1994; Silverman and Choi, 2006). This sex difference in preferred strategy seems to be because men are better able than women to employ a place strategy (Goyette et al, 2012; Sandstrom et al, 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone influences spatial strategy preferences among adult male rats

Spritzer

Fox

Larsen

et al. 2013

Hormones and Behavior

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Males outperform females on some spatial tasks, and this may be partially due to the effects of sex steroids on spatial strategy preferences. Previous work with rodents indicates that low estradiol levels bias females toward a striatum-dependent response strategy, whereas high estradiol levels bias them toward a hippocampus-dependent place strategy. We tested whether testosterone influenced the strategy preferences in male rats. All subjects were castrated and assigned to one of three daily injection doses of testosterone (0.125, 0.250, or 0.500 mg/rat) or a control group that received daily injections of the drug vehicle. Three different maze protocols were used to determine rats’ strategy preferences. A low dose of testosterone (0.125 mg) biased males toward a motor-response strategy on a T-maze task. In a water maze task in which the platform itself could be used intermittently as a visual cue, a low testosterone dose (0.125 mg) caused a significant increase in the use of a cued-response strategy relative to control males. Results from this second experiment also indicated that males receiving a high dose of testosterone (0.500 mg) were biased toward a place strategy. A third experiment indicated that testosterone dose did not have a strong influence on the ability of rats to use a nearby visual cue (floating ball) in the water maze. For this experiment, all groups seemed to use a combination of place and cued-response strategies. Overall, the results indicate that the effects of testosterone on spatial strategy preference are dose dependent and task dependent.

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“…Algunos investigadores han considerado que determinar pequeños intervalos en la edad en la estandarización de pruebas psicométricas permitiría alertar anticipadamente al profesional de un posible deterioro cognitivo, además de establecer puntos de corte adecuados según la edad. 52 Se encontró adecuada confiabilidad relacionada con la aplicación por diferentes evaluadores, con excepción del TRVB, en el que las medianas muestran diferencias, lo que se atribuye probablemente a las diferentes formas del test que pueden influir en la uniformidad en su aplicación. Se evidenció una media 34.8 (DE=1.9) para el TFCRO, 126.7 (DE=63.5) para la medida del tiempo en el TFCRO y 28.7 (DE=3.4) para el TDVB.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Validación y estandarización de pruebas neuropsicológicas para la evaluación de praxias y gnosias

et al. 2022

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Introducción: entre las funciones cognitivas menos estudiadas se encuentren las praxias y las gnosias, quizás porque la literatura especializada se centra en su estudio ante lesiones cerebrales, más que en la perspectiva de la normalidad. Objetivo: describir los resultados de un estudio de validación y estandarización de pruebas para la evaluación de praxias y gnosias. Material y métodos: se evaluaron 208 estudiantes universitarios sanos. Se validaron y estandarizaron las siguientes pruebas: Test de la figura compleja de Rey (copia) y Test de retención visual, discriminación visual y juicio de orientación de líneas de Benton. Se realizaron las siguientes pruebas y análisis: validez de apariencia (juicio de expertos), validez de contenido (análisis factorial), validez de criterio concurrente (coeficiente de correlación), consistencia interna (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y Omega), consistencia relacionada con el tiempo de aplicación (proporción de aciertos) y consistencia interevaluador (coeficiente de correlación intraclase). Resultados: se evidenció adecuada validez de contenido en todas las pruebas; adecuada validez de criterio en las medidas de evaluación de las praxias; baja validez de criterio, consistencia interna y confiabilidad test–retest para las pruebas de gnosias y praxias. Conclusiones: es recomendable utilizar el test más apropiada para el contexto cultural en el que se aplica y el uso de instrumentos estandarizados para la población objetivo.

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Sex differences on the judgment of line orientation task: A function of landmark presence and hormonal status

Cited by 17 publications

References 85 publications

Boys’ advantage on the fractions number line is mediated by visuospatial attention: Evidence for a parietal‐spatial contribution to number line learning

Boys’ advantage on the fractions number line is mediated by visuospatial attention: Evidence for a parietal‐spatial contribution to number line learning

Testosterone influences spatial strategy preferences among adult male rats

Validación y estandarización de pruebas neuropsicológicas para la evaluación de praxias y gnosias

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