Sex Differences on Affective Dimensions: Continuing Examination

Fischer, Pamela C.; Smith, Randy J.; Leonard, Elizabeth; Fuqua, Dale R.; Campbell, James L.; Masters, Mark A.

doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02662.x

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There were no age or gender differences in reports of the frequency and intensity of anger experienced. The absence of gender differences with regard to anger is supported by previous research with adults (Fischer et al, 1993;Suter et al, 2002). Children believed that the anger they experienced led to the escalation of conflicts.…”

Section: Onset Of Conflictssupporting

confidence: 71%

A Qualitative Study of Indian Children’s Perspectives on Peer Conflicts

Dhillon

Babu

2013

Psychology and Developing Societies

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This qualitative investigation explores children's perceptions of conflicts with peers in the school setting. Forty girls and boys from grades one and five (mean ages 6.4 years and 10.5 years respectively) were interviewed. Results were analysed using the interpretative phenomenological approach. Children reported having conflicts most often over instances of physical and verbal provocation. While younger children reported lower frequencies of peer conflict, older girls perceived such events to be a regular occurrence. Moreover, younger children reported conflicts to be short-lived while older children believed that the duration of conflicts depended on their intensity. Anger was frequently mentioned in relation to conflicts. Sadness was associated with conflicts with friends but not with non-friends. Older boys believed that controlling anger was essential for ending conflicts while girls felt that feelings of sadness and regret motivated them to resolve conflicts. Children reported settling disputes through various strategies like apologising and negotiation. Intense conflicts were perceived to entail negative consequences and were thus considered best avoided. Yet, factors like anger and impulsivity were believed Psychology and Developing Societies 25(2) 367-392

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Section: Onset Of Conflictssupporting

confidence: 71%

A Qualitative Study of Indian Children’s Perspectives on Peer Conflicts

Dhillon

Babu

2013

Psychology and Developing Societies

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“…Although researchers (Averill, 1982;Fischer et al, 1993) have not uncovered any significant differences in either the propensity or frequency of anger experience and expression among men and women, some authors have underscored the differences in the mode of anger expression between the genders (Sharkin, 1993;Thomas, 1989). The expression of anger in women seems to be shaped by gender-role socialization messages that are internalized from an early age.…”

Section: Women and Anger Expressionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Powerlessness, Anger, and Stress in African American Women: Implications for Physical and Emotional Health

Thomas

González-Prendes

2008

Health Care for Women International

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African American women find themselves at a high risk of experiencing feelings of powerlessness associated with socioeconomic disparities rooted in a history of racism and sexism. The authors present a conceptual model that discusses powerlessness as a significant variable that contributes to the experience of anger and stress in African American women, and consequently to the adverse health consequences of such anger and stress. The authors review the current literature as well as census and health statistics to discern critical historical, social, and cognitive aspects of powerlessness and anger in African American women. Implications for practitioners are addressed.

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“…Some researchers found that males and females did not differ on the anger expression dimensions of anger-in or anger-out (Kopper & Epperson, 1991;Tho mas, 1991), but did find that wo men scored higher than men on anger-discuss (talking abou t their anger) and angersymptoms (displaying physical symptoms believed to be associated with anger; Thomas & Williams, 1991). Other researchers have found that men are slightly higher than women on the anger-out dimension, but found no gender differences on the anger-in dimension (Fisher et al, 1993). These inconsistenc ies have prompted researchers to look for f actors which may mediate gender e ffects on anger expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

The Angry Male and the Passive Female: The Role of Gender and Self-Esteem in Anger Expression

Nunn¹,

Thomas²

1999

soc behav pers

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To study the role of self-esteem and gender in anger expression, participants, who were screened for high or low s elf-esteem, were angered by a confederate. Participants were then given the opportunity to express their anger by administering blasts of white noise to a confederate. Men with low self-esteem exhibited anger-out anger reactions by administering the loudest blasts of white noise, while women with low self-esteem exhibited anger-in anger responses by administering the softest blasts of white noise. Hi gh self-esteem men and women did not differ in their anger responses. These findings support the hypothesis that low self-esteem men and women rely upon socialized sex-role stereotypes when responding to anger. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of their impact on therapy for maladaptive anger responses.

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Sex Differences on Affective Dimensions: Continuing Examination

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

A Qualitative Study of Indian Children’s Perspectives on Peer Conflicts

A Qualitative Study of Indian Children’s Perspectives on Peer Conflicts

Powerlessness, Anger, and Stress in African American Women: Implications for Physical and Emotional Health

The Angry Male and the Passive Female: The Role of Gender and Self-Esteem in Anger Expression

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