Sex Differences of Combined Effects Between Hypertension and General or Central Obesity on Ischemic Stroke in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Population

Chen, Meng-Qi; Shi, Wenrui; Wang, Haoyu; Sun, Yingxian

doi:10.2147/clep.s295989

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“… 135 Among patients with ischaemic stroke, females more often present with atrial fibrillation, hypertension, obesity and T2D than males. 136 , 137 …”

Section: Sex Differences In the Association Of Hypertension With Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in arterial hypertension

Gerdts

Sudano

Brouwers

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal

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There is strong evidence that sex chromosomes and sex hormones influence blood pressure (BP) regulation, distribution of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and co-morbidities differentially in females and males with essential arterial hypertension. The risk for CV disease increases at a lower BP level in females than in males, suggesting that sex-specific thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension may be reasonable. However, due to paucity of data, in particularly from specifically designed clinical trials, it is not yet known whether hypertension should be differently managed in females and males, including treatment goals and choice and dosages of antihypertensive drugs. Accordingly, this consensus document was conceived to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on sex differences in essential hypertension including BP development over the life course, development of hypertension, pathophysiologic mechanisms regulating BP, interaction of BP with CV risk factors and co-morbidities, hypertension-mediated organ damage in the heart and the arteries, impact on incident CV disease, and differences in the effect of antihypertensive treatment. The consensus document also highlights areas where focused research is needed to advance sex-specific prevention and management of hypertension.

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“… 135 Among patients with ischaemic stroke, females more often present with atrial fibrillation, hypertension, obesity and T2D than males. 136 , 137 …”

Section: Sex Differences In the Association Of Hypertension With Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in arterial hypertension

Gerdts

Sudano

Brouwers

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Using a short questionnaire of the perimenopausal fatigue scale to evaluate perimenopausal women prone to fatigue syndrome

Chiu

Tsao

Liu

et al. 2021

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Stroke risk in women with atrial fibrillation

Buhari,

Fang,

Han

et al. 2023

European Heart Journal

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Background and aims Female sex is associated with higher rates of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) after adjustment for other CHA2DS2-VASc factors. This study aimed to describe sex differences in age and cardiovascular care to examine their relationship with stroke hazard in AF. Methods Population-based cohort study using administrative datasets of people aged ≥66 years diagnosed with AF in Ontario between 2007 and 2019. Cause-specific hazard regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for stroke associated with female sex over a 2-year follow-up. Model 1 included CHA2DS2-VASc factors, with age modelled as 66–74 vs. ≥ 75 years. Model 2 treated age as a continuous variable and included an age–sex interaction term. Model 3 further accounted for multimorbidity and markers of cardiovascular care. Results The cohort consisted of 354 254 individuals with AF (median age 78 years, 49.2% female). Females were more likely to be diagnosed in emergency departments and less likely to receive cardiologist assessments, statins, or LDL-C testing, with higher LDL-C levels among females than males. In Model 1, the adjusted HR for stroke associated with female sex was 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.21–1.32). Model 2 revealed a significant age–sex interaction, such that female sex was only associated with increased stroke hazard at age >70 years. Adjusting for markers of cardiovascular care and multimorbidity further decreased the HR, so that female sex was not associated with increased stroke hazard at age ≤80 years. Conclusion Older age and inequities in cardiovascular care may partly explain higher stroke rates in females with AF.

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Sex Differences of Combined Effects Between Hypertension and General or Central Obesity on Ischemic Stroke in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Population

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Sex differences in arterial hypertension

Sex differences in arterial hypertension

Using a short questionnaire of the perimenopausal fatigue scale to evaluate perimenopausal women prone to fatigue syndrome

Stroke risk in women with atrial fibrillation

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