Sex Differences in Type-2 Diabetes: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Management

Raparelli, Valeria; Franconi, Flavia; Lenzi, Andrea; Basili, Stefania

doi:10.2174/1381612823666170130153704

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Gender-specific differences in health status have been acknowledged in the occurrence of diverse conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD)[ 19 - 22 ], diabetes[ 23 - 26 ], renal diseases[ 27 ], asthma[ 28 - 30 ], autoimmune diseases[ 31 ], migraine[ 32 ], cancer[ 33 - 36 ], spondyloarthritis[ 37 ], multiple sclerosis[ 38 , 39 ], Alzheimer’s disease[ 40 - 42 ], sleep apnea and sleep disordered breathing[ 43 ], epilepsy[ 44 ], stroke[ 45 ], autism[ 46 ], depression[ 47 ], anxiety[ 48 ], addiction and substance use[ 49 , 50 ], and others. Calls or recommendations for further studies to establish guidelines for gender-specific treatment and health policy have been recorded in many of these and other fields.…”

Section: From Evidence For Gender Differences In Health Conditions Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Machluf

Chaiter

Tal

2020

WJCC

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Gender-specific differences in the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, prognosis, severity, risk factors, drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented. We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years, and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens, guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies. Subsequently, through the lens of gender, we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions: Asthma, obesity and overweight, chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019. As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence, we focus on this developmental stage. Finally, we propose a model which is based on three influential issues: (1) Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (2) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (3) An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, lifestyle habits etc .). Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines, already among adolescents, may reduce inequities, facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender.

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Section: From Evidence For Gender Differences In Health Conditions Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Machluf

Chaiter

Tal

2020

WJCC

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“…Taken together, these results could provide a possible explanation of why pre-menopausal women have a lower risk of developing diabetes than men or post-menopausal women [3,24,41,42,50]. Further research will be needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms by which 17-beta estradiol enhances the adaptive UPR and represses the apoptotic UPR under conditions of ER stress such as those observed during protracted hyperglycemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Sex differences in the prevalence and development of diabetes mellitus, and the associated cardiovascular complications, are known to exist. Premenopausal women are significantly less likely to develop these conditions relative to men, or women after menopause [3,4]. Accumulating data suggest that estrogens, particularly 17-beta estradiol which is the predominant and biologically active estrogen in premenopausal women [5], exert a protective effect in pancreatic beta cell health and function [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of 17-Beta Estradiol in the Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in Pancreatic Beta Cells

De Paoli,

Shah,

Zakharia

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Diabetes mellitus is clinically defined by chronic hyperglycemia. Sex differences in the presentation and outcome of diabetes exist with premenopausal women having a reduced risk of developing diabetes, relative to men, or women after menopause. Accumulating evidence shows a protective role of estrogens, specifically 17-beta estradiol, in the maintenance of pancreatic beta cell health; however, the mechanisms underlying this protection are still unknown. To elucidate these potential mechanisms, we used a pancreatic beta cell line (BTC6) and a mouse model of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis, the ApoE−/−:Ins2+/Akita mouse, exhibiting sexual dimorphism in glucose regulation. In this study we hypothesize that 17-beta estradiol protects pancreatic beta cells by modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We observed that ovariectomized female and male ApoE−/−:Ins2+/Akita mice show significantly increased expression of apoptotic UPR markers. Sham operated female and ovariectomized female ApoE−/−:Ins2+/Akita mice supplemented with exogenous 17-beta estradiol increased the expression of adaptive UPR markers compared to non-supplemented ovariectomized female ApoE−/−:Ins2+/Akita mice. These findings were consistent to what was observed in cultured BTC6 cells, suggesting that 17-beta estradiol may protect pancreatic beta cells by repressing the apoptotic UPR and enhancing the adaptive UPR activation in response to pancreatic ER stress.

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“…Additionally, the differences in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections between men and women may be due to gendered differences in behaviors, such as smoking, and prevalence of comorbidities [ 5 , 16 , 28 , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. Sex and gender disparities in health have been observed in various conditions, including CVDs [ [37] , [38] , [39] ], diabetes [ 40 ], kidney diseases [ 41 ], cancer [ [42] , [43] , [44] ], neurological diseases [ 45 , 46 ], respiratory diseases [43], and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis

Agodi¹,

Maugeri²,

Favara³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Sex Differences in Type-2 Diabetes: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Management

Abstract: A gender approach in CVD prevention strategies is urgently required to achieve a sensible reduction of adverse CV events.

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Investigating the Role of 17-Beta Estradiol in the Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in Pancreatic Beta Cells

Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis

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