Sex differences in the risk of vascular disease associated with diabetes

Ritter, Rianneke de; Jong, Marit de; Vos, Rimke C.; Kallen, Carla; Sep, Simone J. S.; Woodward, Mark; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Bots, Michiel L.; Peters, Sanne A.E.

doi:10.1186/s13293-019-0277-z

Cited by 116 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“… 133 Overall, diabetes is a stronger risk factor for the onset of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, cancer, and dementia in women than in men. 134 , 135 …”

Section: Sex and Gender Differences In Major Chronic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

et al. 2020

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Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.

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“… 133 Overall, diabetes is a stronger risk factor for the onset of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, cancer, and dementia in women than in men. 134 , 135 …”

Section: Sex and Gender Differences In Major Chronic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

et al. 2020

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“…Log-binomial models were used to assess the association of risk factors with race/ethnicity in univariate and multivariable models, adjusted for gender and neighborhood poverty level, and to quantify the corresponding relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Adjustment for gender and neighborhood poverty level was included because of their importance in the epidemiology and pathophysiology of disease [ 16 – 19 ]. When a significant interaction ( p < 0.05) existed between covariates, RR and 95% CI of linear combinations of covariates were calculated, and the main effect of the independent variable of interest was reported at the reference level of the covariate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Comorbidities and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Among Black and Hispanic Populations in New York City: an Examination of the 2018 New York City Community Health Survey

Arasteh

2020

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected Blacks and Hispanics in New York City (NYC) disproportionately. This study aims to assess the relationship of race/ethnicity with COVID-19 associated factors such as hypertension, diabetes, neighborhood poverty, and frontline work, in NYC. Methods The 2018 New York City Community Health Survey was used to examine the association of hypertension, diabetes, and neighborhood poverty level with race/ethnicity in log-binomial regression models. Number of intensive care unit (ICU) beds and the distribution of frontline workers were acquired from the US Census, the State of New York Department of Labor, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Results Neighborhoods with high poverty level had a greater risk of hypertension among Blacks (relative risk (RR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4, 1.9-6.4) and diabetes among Hispanics (RR, 95% CI: 5.5, 2.2-14.0), compared with Whites in the lowest poverty neighborhoods. Disproportionately greater percentages of frontline workers were comprised of Blacks (29.4%, 95% CI: 29.3-29.5%) and Hispanics (35.5%, 95% CI: 35.3-35.6%). Predominantly Black and Hispanic boroughs with greater level of poverty had one ICU bed per 900 adults of 60 years of age or older, compared with one ICU bed per 452 in predominantly White boroughs with less poverty. Conclusion The greater prevalence of the factors associated with COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes puts Black and Hispanic populations in NYC at a greater risk. These factors are also related to poverty and should be mitigated together with reducing racial/ethnic inequities.

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“…Male animals were exclusively used in the animal studies (Table 2), possibly due to avoiding potential CV protective effects of estrogen, which needs to be considered in the case of female animals. However, diabetes confers a higher relative risk of CVD mortality among women than among men [110,111]. It remains completely unclear whether the CV effects of GIP demonstrated in male animals can be observed in female non-diabetic and diabetic mice.…”

Section: Limitation Of Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIP as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease–A Systematic Review

Mori

Matsui

Hirano

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are gut hormones that are secreted from enteroendocrine L cells and K cells in response to digested nutrients, respectively. They are also referred to incretin for their ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GLP-1 exerts anorexic effects via its actions in the central nervous system. Since native incretin is rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), DPP-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and DPP-4 inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as incretin-based therapy. These new-class agents have superiority to classical oral hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas because of their low risks for hypoglycemia and body weight gain. In addition, a number of preclinical studies have shown the cardioprotective properties of incretin-based therapy, whose findings are further supported by several randomized clinical trials. Indeed, GLP-1RA has been significantly shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of GIP in cardiovascular disease remains to be elucidated. Recently, pharmacological doses of GIP receptor agonists (GIPRAs) have been found to exert anti-obesity effects in animal models. These observations suggest that combination therapy of GLP-1R and GIPR may induce superior metabolic and anti-diabetic effects compared with each agonist individually. Clinical trials with GLP-1R/GIPR dual agonists are ongoing in diabetic patients. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the cardiovascular effects of GIP and GIPRAs in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans.

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Sex differences in the risk of vascular disease associated with diabetes

Cited by 116 publications

References 80 publications

Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

Prevalence of Comorbidities and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Among Black and Hispanic Populations in New York City: an Examination of the 2018 New York City Community Health Survey

GIP as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease–A Systematic Review

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