Sex Differences in the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Tao, Ye; Peters, Matthew E.; Drye, Lea T.; Devanand, Davangere P.; Mintzer, Jacobo; Pollock, Bruce G.; Porsteinsson, Anton P.; Rosenberg, Paul B.; Schneider, Lon S.; Shade, David M.; Weintraub, Daniel; Yesavage, Jerome A.; Munro, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1177/1533317518783278

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our research has found significance in aberrant motor behaviour and delusions, both of which are more frequent in women, which was also defended by Tao et al, (2018), who add that women are more likely to present delusions and hallucinations in vascular dementias or lack of appetite with a diagnosis of major depression, while men with this same diagnosis tended to present greater agitation.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The influence of gender on this variable creates controversy in the literature; our research finds that the percentage of women who present one or more BPSD is higher than that of men. There are data that support this difference, for example, the study by Tao et al (2018) states that 47.6% of women had 2 or more symptoms compared to 39.8% of men. But we have also found studies opposed, such as one conducted by Yatawara, Hiu, Tan and Kandiah (2018) who found that men were at greater risk of presenting this type of disorder.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Tao et al (2018) states that complaints, aberrant motor behaviours, anxiety and delusions were more common in women; while agitation and apathy were more common in men. The results of our research go in the same line since we have found differences in these variables but the differences are not statistically significant except in the case of aberrant motor behavior where significance is appreciated.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural changes in institutionalised older people: a gender perspective

Pinazo-Clapés

Hernandis²,

Sales³

2020

TSSJ

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There is a need to redefine and improve the treatment and care given in residences for the elderly from a non-pharmacological perspective that fosters person-centred care. In particular, the psychological and behavioural symptoms associated with dementia require a multidisciplinary evaluation to design appropriate interventions. The objective is to evaluate behavioural disorders in a group of residing elderly people and analyse whether the gender of the participants influences the presence of these behaviours. In the methodology, the group is consisted of 450 people, 73.6% women and 26.4% men with an average age of 86.82 (WD=8.22). The results show that women have a greater risk of presenting behavioural disorders. Men tend to present higher levels of anxiety, lack of inhibition, sleeping disorders, and loss of appetite; while women present more affective symptoms such as anxiety, euphoria, or apathy, or more psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, and more aberrant motor behaviours. This influence is only significant for delusions and aberrant motor behaviour. The discussion and conclusions of the study show that gender influences behavioural disorders. This type of research work is very scarce because may be of great interest to develop and improve preventive strategies and non-pharmacological use of these symptoms in residence for the elderly settings.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural changes in institutionalised older people: a gender perspective

Pinazo-Clapés

Hernandis²,

Sales³

2020

TSSJ

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“…Although the use of antipsychotics did not show differences by gender, our results showed an inequality in antidepressant treatment, since these drugs were prescribed more often for women in all the statistical models. In studying differences in the NPS of male and female patients with Alzheimer’s disease in a clinical sample, Tao et al concluded that women displayed greater heterogeneity in the presentation of NPS, but no significant differences in the number 21. In our study, there were no consistent differences when patients were classified according to their socioeconomic status measured by the deprivation index.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

<p>Dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms: inequalities in pharmacological treatment and institutionalization</p>

Mar

Arrospide

Soto-Gordoa

et al. 2019

NDT

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Background Dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are the main determinant of family stress and institutionalization of patients. This study aimed to identify inequalities by gender and socioeconomic status in the management of NPS in patients diagnosed with dementia. Methods An observational study was carried out to study all the cases of dementia in the corporate database of the Basque Health Service (29,864 patients). The prescription of antipsychotics and antidepressants and admission to a nursing home were used to establish the presence of NPS. The socioeconomic status of individuals was classified by a deprivation index. Logistic regressions were used to identify drivers for drug prescriptions and institutionalization. Results NPS are poorly recorded in the clinical databases (12%). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were severe enough in two thirds of patients with dementia to be treated with psychoactive medication. Institutionalization showed an increase from those who did not receive medication to those who had been prescribed antidepressants (OR: 1.546), antipsychotics (OR: 2.075) or both (OR: 2.741). The resulting inequalities were the increased prescription of antidepressant drugs in women and more nursing-home admissions for women who were the least socioeconomically deprived and men who were the most deprived. Conclusions In large clinical databases, psychoactive drugs prescriptions can be useful to underscore the considerable burden of dementia-related NPS. Specific tools are needed to monitor social and health care programs targeted to dementia-related NPS from a population perspective. Programs aimed at reducing the family burden of care of dementia patients at home become the key elements in reducing inequalities in these patients’ care. Socioeconomic status is the most important driver of inequality, and gender inequality may simply be hidden within the social environment. Integrated programs boosting the continuity of care are an objective for which compliance could be measured according to the NPS coding in the electronic health record.

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“…Previous studies have reported that females with AD were more likely to exhibit a broader range of NPS than males with AD. 7 , 8 One observational study investigating outpatients with AD observed reclusiveness and emotional lability to be related to the female gender, while apathy and vegetative signs were highly related to the male gender. 9 Moreover, evidence has revealed that women with AD experience significantly greater cognitive impairments across a wide range of cognitive domains, including both visual and verbal processing, as well as semantic and episodic memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Caregivers’ Burden and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Female Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease with Varying Dementia Severity

Chen¹,

Chang²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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Purpose This study examined the attributes causing higher burdens for caregivers caring for female patients with Alzheimer’s disease by analyzing a combination of various variables, including demographic data, dementia severity, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients and Methods This study included 99 female patients with Alzheimer’s disease who were cared for by the dementia collaborative care team at Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. Neuropsychiatric symptoms used in this study included affections (9 types), behavior symptoms (9 symptoms), and psychological symptoms (3 symptoms). The Apriori algorithm was employed to identify association rules that reveal the relationships among demographic data, dementia severity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregivers’ burden. Results A total of 185 rules were determined, including 51 rules with little or no burden, 108 rules with mild to moderate burden, and 26 rules with moderate to severe burden. The major findings are as follows. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with varying degrees of caregivers’ burden among female patients aged 75 to 84 years with mild dementia. Crying spells and aggression were specifically associated with a moderate to severe burden. Delusion was associated with a mild to moderate and moderate to severe burden. Dysthymia and depression were associated with little or no burden to moderate to severe burden. Conclusion Clinicians can provide early interventions to reduce the burden of caregivers caring for female patients with Alzheimer’s disease and can refer caregivers for timely assistance to reduce their burden.

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Sex Differences in the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Behavioural changes in institutionalised older people: a gender perspective

Behavioural changes in institutionalised older people: a gender perspective

<p>Dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms: inequalities in pharmacological treatment and institutionalization</p>

Association Between Caregivers’ Burden and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Female Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease with Varying Dementia Severity

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