Sex differences in the effects of voluntary activity on sucrose-induced obesity☆

Hirsch, Edward; Ball, E. W.; Godkin, Lynda

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90012-9

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As expected, an increase in daily caloric intake was observed in male and female rats when their chow diet was supplemented with sweet milk. This finding is consistent with previous studies in which caloric intake was monitored in rats fed high-carbohydrate diets consisting of chow plus various concentrations of sweetened solutions (21,36). To investigate what aspect of a high-carbohydrate diet promotes overeating, Sclafani and colleagues (37) examined the relative contributions of preabsorptive and postabsorptive actions of carbohydrate intake in a rat model of diet-induced hyperphagia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Our findings in males are consistent with previous studies that report an exercise-related decline in chow intake in male rats either given access to running wheels (1,21) or forced to run on a treadmill (29). In contrast, our findings in females do not support previous reports that wheel running has either no effect (12) or a slight stimulatory effect (3, 32) on chow intake in female rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In female rats, voluntary exercise in a running wheel has either no effect or a slight stimulatory effect on daily chow intake (3,12), and it is typically not associated with any appreciable change in body weight. In contrast, wheel running in male rats produces a reliable decrease in chow intake that results in weight loss (1,7,21). Thus female rats appear better protected from an energy deficit due to voluntary wheel running.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Currently, it is not known whether a similar sex difference exists in rats fed a highly palatable diet chosen to promote hyperphagia. In one study, wheel running failed to modulate caloric intake of a sweetened chow diet in either male or female rats (21). These results are difficult to interpret, however, as feeding data were not expressed in relation to body weight or energy requirement despite the fact that rats gained considerable weight over the course of the study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Diet-induced hyperphagia in the rat is influenced by sex and exercise

Eckel¹,

Moore²

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Caloric intake is increased in rats fed a diet containing greater fat or sugar than that found in laboratory chow. Because such diet-induced hyperphagia has been studied primarily in sedentary male rats, our goal here was to investigate the effects of sex and exercise on caloric intake of a diet (chow supplemented with sweet milk) chosen for its ability to stimulate hyperphagia. Rats were housed individually in cages that provided access to running wheels, and daily caloric intake of chow alone and then chow plus sweet milk was monitored during sedentary and active conditions. In sedentary rats, chow intake was greater in males compared with females. Wheel running produced similar decreases in chow intake in both sexes. Availability of the chow plus milk diet increased caloric intake compared with that observed in chow-fed rats. This diet-induced hyperphagia was significantly greater in sedentary females (35.7 +/- 3.1% increase) relative to sedentary males (9.1 +/- 2.2% increase). In addition, 35% of sedentary females consuming the chow plus milk diet developed estrous cycle disruptions. Wheel running decreased intake of the chow plus milk diet in both sexes. In active males, diet-induced hyperphagia was abolished; caloric intake was reduced to that observed during chow feeding. In active female rats, diet-induced hyperphagia was attenuated but not abolished; caloric intake of the chow plus milk diet remained greater than that observed during chow feeding. We conclude that female rats are more vulnerable than male rats to this form of diet-induced hyperphagia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Diet-induced hyperphagia in the rat is influenced by sex and exercise

Eckel¹,

Moore²

2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…His one-bottle group behaved atypically for females; previous studies have recorded intakes more akin to those of our rats [e.g., 1,39] though there are exceptions [15]. One possible reason for the discrepancy is cage size: Tordoff housed his rats in cages that were larger than those used in Experiment 1A (2296 vs. 960 cm 2 floor area).…”

Section: Experiments 1bmentioning

confidence: 58%

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

Ackroff

Bonacchi

Magee

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Recent work suggested that the energy intake and weight gain of rats maintained on chow and 32% sucrose solution could be increased by simply offering more sources of sucrose (Tordoff, 2002). In Experiment 1 this procedure was replicated but the effect was not: rats given one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water consumed as much sucrose as those given five bottles of sucrose and one of water. Adding different flavors to the sucrose did not increase intakes further in Experiment 2. The relative potency of sucrose and other optional foods was studied in Experiment 3. Sucrose solution stimulated more overeating and weight gain than fat (vegetable shortening), and offering both sucrose and shortening did not generate further increases in energy intake. Finally, foods commonly used to produce overeating and weight gain were compared. Sucrose was less effective than a high-fat milk diet, and offering cookies in addition to the milk did not increase energy intake further. The nature of optional foods (nutrient composition and physical form) was markedly more important than the number of food sources available to the animals, and is a better contender as the reason for "obesity by choice". KeywordsFood choice; Variety; Fat; Sugar The widespread availability of tasty, inexpensive, energy dense foods, which are typically rich in sugar and fat, is thought to contribute to the increasing prevalence of human obesity [e.g., 26,32]. A useful animal model for this phenomenon exists: laboratory rats overeat and gain excessive weight when offered a cafeteria of palatable high-fat and high-sugar foods in addition to their nutritionally complete chow diet [e.g., 34,36,37]. Another potentially important variable in diet-induced obesity studies is the availability of food, e.g., the number of sources of food offered [43]. In confirmation of prior studies [e.g, 16,29,40], rats offered a 32% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water consumed more total energy (sucrose + chow) and gained more weight than rats given only chow and water. The surprising finding of Tordoff's study was that rats given access to five bottles of sucrose and one of water consumed significantly more sucrose and total energy than did rats given only one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water. This is seemingly a situation that mimics the human case of abundant palatable food, with a larger number of sources leading to greater overeating. Tordoff [43] suggested that this was related to the overeating observed in cafeteria studies.Beyond the contributions of sugar and fat per se, variety in the available foods and their flavors has been linked to overeating and obesity in humans and animals [e.g., 27,28,36]. Laboratory

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The Estrogenic Inhibition of Eating

Geary

Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake

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Sex differences in the effects of voluntary activity on sucrose-induced obesity☆

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

Diet-induced hyperphagia in the rat is influenced by sex and exercise

Diet-induced hyperphagia in the rat is influenced by sex and exercise

Obesity by choice revisited: Effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake

The Estrogenic Inhibition of Eating

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