Sex differences in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer: the rationale for an individualised approach

Vera, Ruth; Juan, Óscar; Safont-Aguilera, María José; Peña, Francisco Ayala de la; Alba, Aránzazu Gonzalez del

doi:10.1007/s12094-023-03112-w

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Interestingly, absence of an association between male married status and TMT also highlights the importance of strati ed analyses according to sex. Indeed, married status is well known to exert a differential effect according to sex in a number of settings within multiple primaries [8,24]. For example, Rosiello et al showed that unmarried males have worse cancerspeci c mortality in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, while unmarried females do not [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to trimodal therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer is lower in unmarried females

Vitucci,

Siech,

Baudo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objective: Trimodal therapy (TMT) is guideline-recommended for localized muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB). Married status represents an important determinant of treatment use in many primaries. The importance of married status is unknown in the context of TMT for localized muscle-invasive UCUB and was addressed in the current study. Methods: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2020) to identify patients with localized muscle-invasive UCUB. Univariable logistic regression models were fitted. Additionally, temporal trends were plotted. Results: Overall, 28,035 patients with localized muscle-invasive UCUB were identified. Of those, 7,112 (25%) were female and 20,923 (75%) were male. Of females, 2,389 (34%) were married. Of males, 13,671 (65%) were married. The rates of TMT were 14% in both married females and males and 13% in both unmarried females and males. Married females differed from unmarried females regarding age and race/ethnicity. Prior to multivariable adjustment for age and race/ethnicity, no significant association existed between married status and TMT use in females (p = 0.2). However, after multivariable adjustment, a 1.2-fold (p = 0.02) higher rate of TMT was recorded in married females vs. their unmarried counterparts. Finally, no association between married status and TMT use was recorded in males either prior to or after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: Unmarried female patients may be at risk of lower TMT access compared to their married counterparts. Consequently, TMT should be given particularly thorough consideration in unmarried female patients to avoid suboptimal TMT access.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to trimodal therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer is lower in unmarried females

Vitucci,

Siech,

Baudo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Gender differences in cancer incidence and mortality may be the result of a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities can affect cancer occurrence differently in men and women, by involving unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, awareness of risks, occupational exposure, and access to healthcare [ 19 ]. Overall, the probability of developing cancer is greater in men than in women [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Sinonasal Cancer Incidence: Data from the Italian Registry

Binazzi,

di Marzio,

Mensi

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Background: Although rare, sinonasal cancers (SNCs) have a high occupational attributable fraction. Methods: We applied gender-based approaches to descriptive analyses, incidence, and patterns of exposures using the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry (ReNaTuNS: Registro Nazionale Tumori Naso-Sinusali). Results: The study included 2851 SNC patients. SNC was diagnosed more often in men (73%) than in women (27%). The most frequent morphology in men was intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (33%), whereas in women, it was squamous cell carcinoma (49%). Nasal cavities were predominant in both genders (50%), ethmoidal sinus in men (24%), and maxillary in women (24%). Incidence rates were 0.76 (per 100,000 person-years) in men and 0.24 in women and increased by age, more evidently in men, peaking over 75 years in both. Occupational exposures to wood and leather dusts were the most frequent (41% for men, 33% for women). Few exposures were extra-occupational or domestic. Unlikely exposure was relevant in women (57%). Conclusions: The surveillance of SNC cases through a registry that allows for the identification of and compensation for this occupational disease is important in Italy, where numerous workers are exposed to carcinogens for SNC, without even being aware. Considering the rarity of the disease, particularly among women, the ReNaTuNS can provide a method to analyze gender differences.

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“…As illustrated in Figure 1 , the incidence of specific cancers varies between males and females. Such disparities are often attributed to the influence of sex hormones ( 13 ). The nuanced interplay between sex hormones and cellular pathways in different tissues can either augment or suppress cancer's onset, progression, and response to therapies ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones

Bakhshi,

Ho,

Zanganeh

2024

Front. Med. Technol.

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Sex hormones play a pivotal role in modulating various physiological processes, with emerging evidence underscoring their influence on cancer progression and treatment outcomes. This review delves into the intricate relationship between sex hormones and cancer, elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms and their clinical implications. We explore the multifaceted roles of estrogen, androgens, and progesterone, highlighting their respective influence on specific cancers such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate. Special attention is given to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) tumors, androgen receptor signaling, and the dual role of progesterone in both promoting and inhibiting cancer progression. Clinical observations reveal varied treatment responses contingent upon hormonal levels, with certain therapies like tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and anti-androgens demonstrating notable success. However, disparities in treatment outcomes between males and females in hormone-sensitive cancers necessitate further exploration. Therapeutically, the utilization of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during cancer treatments presents both potential risks and benefits. The promise of personalized therapies, tailored to an individual’s hormonal profile, offers a novel approach to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Concurrently, the burgeoning exploration of new drugs and interventions targeting hormonal pathways heralds a future of more effective and precise treatments for hormone-sensitive cancers. This review underscores the pressing need for a deeper understanding of sex hormones in cancer therapy and the ensuing implications for future therapeutic innovations.

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Sex differences in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer: the rationale for an individualised approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

Access to trimodal therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer is lower in unmarried females

Access to trimodal therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer is lower in unmarried females

Gender Differences in Sinonasal Cancer Incidence: Data from the Italian Registry

Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones

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