Sex differences in the burying behavior test in middle-aged rats: Effects of diazepam

Olvera-Hernández, Sandra; Fernández‐Guasti, Alonso

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.030

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In support, some reports indicate that ovariectomized young (3 months) and adult (7 months) rats are more responsive to E 2 restitution than middle-aged animals (12 months) [ 30 , 31 ]. At the age of twelve months none of the female rats shows regular estrous cycles most have irregular cycles and a few show persistent estrus or diestrus [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. After reproductive senescence, there could be an adjustment in estrogen receptor sensitivity [ 44 , 45 , 46 ] that affects the critical period for an intervention with estrogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Post-Ovariectomy Interval Affects the Antidepressant-Like Action of Citalopram Combined with Ethynyl-Estradiol in the Forced Swim Test in Middle Aged Rats

et al. 2016

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The use of a combined therapy with low doses of estrogens plus antidepressants to treat depression associated to perimenopause could be advantageous. However the use of these combinations is controversial due to several factors, including the time of intervention in relation to menopause onset. This paper analyzes whether time post-OVX influences the antidepressant-like action of a combination of ethynyl-estradiol (EE2) and citalopram (CIT) in the forced swim test (FST). Middle-aged (15 months old) female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and after one or three weeks treated with EE2 (1.25, 2.5 or 5.0 µg/rat, s.c.; −48 h) or CIT (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mg/kg, i.p./3 injections in 24 h) and tested in the FST. In a second experiment, after one or three weeks of OVX, rats received a combination of an ineffective dose of EE2 (1.25 µg/rat, s.c., −48 h) plus CIT (2.5 mg/kg, i.p./3 injections in 24 h) and subjected to the FST. Finally, the uteri were removed and weighted to obtain an index of the peripheral effects of EE2 administration. EE2 (2.5 or 5.0 µg/rat) reduced immobility after one but not three weeks of OVX. In contrast, no CIT dose reduced immobility at one or three weeks after OVX. When EE2 (1.25 µg/rat) was combined with CIT (2.5 mg/kg) an antidepressant-like effect was observed at one but not three weeks post-OVX. The weight of the uteri augmented when EE2 was administrated three weeks after OVX. The data suggest that the time post-OVX is a crucial factor that contributes to observe the antidepressant-like effect of EE2 alone or in combination with CIT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drugs were freshly prepared. The doses and latencies were chosen from previous studies [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Post-Ovariectomy Interval Affects the Antidepressant-Like Action of Citalopram Combined with Ethynyl-Estradiol in the Forced Swim Test in Middle Aged Rats

et al. 2016

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“…For example, while female rodent anxiety-like behavior is lower than males in an elevated plus maze and open field (see [199]), other studies find greater female anxiety-like behavior with predator odor (see [200]) and foot-shock induced licking [201,202]. Additionally, females generally display greater locomotion than males during open field tests and other anxiety tasks [203][204][205], and seem to show greater active responses under several anxiety-related conditions, including where females tend to dart (whereas males tend to freeze) in response to fear [197], females avoid rather than freeze in a shuttle-box task [203], and females display more active defensive behaviors under some social stressors vs. males [193,200,203]. Speculatively, female behavioral patterns may reflect a greater need to defend against the presence of danger near a nest [193,194,206].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Anxiety Are Likely Important For Alcohol Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Perspectives on Sex Differences in Compulsion-Like and Binge Alcohol Drinking

Radke

Sneddon

Frasier

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Alcohol use disorder remains a substantial social, health, and economic problem and problem drinking levels in women have been increasing in recent years. Understanding whether and how the underlying mechanisms that drive drinking vary by sex is critical and could provide novel, more targeted therapeutic treatments. Here, we examine recent results from our laboratories and others which we believe provide useful insights into similarities and differences in alcohol drinking patterns across the sexes. Findings for binge intake and aversion-resistant, compulsion-like alcohol drinking are considered, since both are likely significant contributors to alcohol problems in humans. We also describe studies regarding mechanisms that may underlie sex differences in maladaptive alcohol drinking, with some focus on the importance of nucleus accumbens (NAcb) core and shell regions, several receptor types (dopamine, orexin, AMPA-type glutamate), and possible contributions of sex hormones. Finally, we discuss how stressors such as early life stress and anxiety-like states may interact with sex differences to contribute to alcohol drinking. Together, these findings underscore the importance and critical relevance of studying female and male mechanisms for alcohol and co-morbid conditions to gain a true and clinically useful understanding of addiction and neuropsychiatric mechanisms and treatment.

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“…Steroid hormones influence anxiety‐like behavior (Fernández‐Guasti & Picazo, ; Frye et al ., ; Walf & Frye, ) and interact with the prototypical anti‐anxiety medication, diazepam (Valium) in humans (Kelly et al ., ) and in animals (Bitran et al ., ; Díaz‐Véliz et al ., ; Olvera‐Hernández & Fernández‐Guasti, ; Simpson et al ., ). In Long Evans female rats in the proestrus stage of the estrous cycle (when estradiol and progesterone levels peak), increases in anxiety‐like behavior are observed (Frye et al ., ) as well as improvements in diazepam efficacy (Díaz‐Véliz et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex matters: females in proestrus show greater diazepam anxiolysis and brain‐derived neurotrophin factor‐ and parvalbumin‐positive neurons than males

Ravenelle

Berman

et al. 2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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In humans and animal models, sex differences are reported for anxiety-like behavior and response to anxiogenic stimuli. In the current work, we studied anxiety-like behavior and response to the prototypical anti-anxiety drug, diazepam. We used 6th generation outbred lines of adult Long Evans rats with high and low anxiety-like behavior phenotypes to investigate the impact of proestrus on the baseline and diazepam-induced behavior. At three doses of diazepam (0, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), we measured anxiogenic responses on the elevated plus maze of adult male and female rats. We assessed parvalbumin and brain-derived neurotrophin protein levels in forebrain and limbic structures implicated in anxiety/stress using immunohistochemistry. At baseline, we saw significant differences between anxiety lines, with high anxiety lines displaying less time on the open arms of the elevated plus maze, and less open arm entries, regardless of sex. During proestrus, high anxiety females showed less anxiety-like behavior at 0.1 mg/kg, while low anxiety females displayed less anxiety-like behavior at 0.1 and 1.0 doses, relative to males. Brain-derived neurotrophin protein was elevated in females in the medial prefrontal cortex and central amygdala, while parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells were greater in males in the medial prefrontal cortex. Parvalbumin-positive cells in high anxiety females were higher in CA2 and dentate gyrus relative to males from the same line. In sum, when tested in proestrus, females showed greater anxiolytic effects of diazepam relative to males, and this correlated with increases in neurotrophin and parvalbumin neuron density in corticolimbic structures.

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Sex differences in the burying behavior test in middle-aged rats: Effects of diazepam

Cited by 16 publications

References 79 publications

The Post-Ovariectomy Interval Affects the Antidepressant-Like Action of Citalopram Combined with Ethynyl-Estradiol in the Forced Swim Test in Middle Aged Rats

The Post-Ovariectomy Interval Affects the Antidepressant-Like Action of Citalopram Combined with Ethynyl-Estradiol in the Forced Swim Test in Middle Aged Rats

Recent Perspectives on Sex Differences in Compulsion-Like and Binge Alcohol Drinking

Sex matters: females in proestrus show greater diazepam anxiolysis and brain‐derived neurotrophin factor‐ and parvalbumin‐positive neurons than males

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