Sex differences in the ability to recognise non-verbal displays of emotion: A meta-analysis

Thompson, Ashley E.; Voyer, Daniel

doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.875889

Cited by 379 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Also similar was the correlation of the sex with active listening which was found in all the ALAS subscales (Kourmousi et al 2017a). Although sex differences have not been sufficiently examined concerning the ability to actively empathically listen (Pence and James 2015), women have been reported by most researchers to dispose higher levels of empathy than men (Spreng et al 2009;Youssef et al 2014;Toussaint and Webb 2005;Kourmousi et al 2017b) due to their tendency to be more empathetic, pay closer attention to the speaker and the things said, and listen more effectively (Christov-Moore et al 2014;Rueckert and Naybar 2008;Rueckert et al 2011;Thompson and Voyer 2014). However, there are studies which have found no significant differences between males and females in empathy (e.g., Baldner and McGinley 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The presented study examined the Active Empathic Listening Scale's (AELS) validity and reliability in a sample of 3955 Greek educators of all teaching levels and specialties. The sample was randomly split and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted in the even subsample to evaluate the scale's construct validity. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed in the odd subsample to confirm the three-factor model identified by the EFA. The chi square test (χ 2 ) of the model was significant (p < 0.05), due to the large sample size. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the goodness of fit index (GFI) values were 0.080, 0.971, and 0.962, respectively, further supporting the fit of the three-factor model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test internal consistency reliability and was satisfactory exceeding 0.76 for AELS' subscales. The intercorrelations of the three subscales were all positive and significant (p < 0.001), ranging from 0.46 to 0.54. Student's t-tests and the computation of effect sizes showed that women, principals, and those who had received training in mental health promotion scored higher on all three subscales. Age and years of teaching experience were also positively correlated with most of the AELS' subscales, but the correlations were very low. The analyses confirmed the three-factor model of AELS and demonstrated its validity and reliability in measuring Greek teachers' active listening attitudes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators

et al. 2017

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“…Women scored higher on Listening Skill and Conversation Opportunity, thus appearing to exhibit better listening attitudes and to be more eager to communicate. It could be hypothesized that female teachers scored higher than their male colleagues on ALAS, due to their tendency to be more empathetic, pay closer attention to the speaker and the things said, and listen more effectively [55][56][57][58][59]. More generally, adults' disparity between the sexes in terms of emotional socialization and their self-determination regarding the role of gender result in similar differences in social-emotional skills (e.g., [60,61]) and thus, consequently, in the communication and active listening skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators

Kourmousi

Amanaki

Tzavara³

et al. 2017

Social Sciences

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Abstract:The present study examined the Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS) validity and reliability in a sample of 3955 Greek educators. The sample was randomly split and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted in the even subsample to evaluate the scale's construct validity. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed in the odd subsample to confirm the three-factor model identified by the EFA. The chi square test (χ 2 ) of the model was significant (p < 0.05), due to the large sample size. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparative fit index (CFI) and the goodness of fit index (GFI) values were 0.079, 0.969 and 0.960, respectively, further supporting the fit of the three-factor model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test internal consistency reliability and was satisfactory exceeding 0.72 for ALAS subscales. The intercorrelations of the three subscales were all positive and significant (p < 0.001), ranging from 0.20 to 0.42. Student's t-tests and the computation of effect sizes revealed that women scored higher on Listening Skill and Conversation Opportunity, while principals and participants trained on mental health promotion scored higher on all three subscales. The analyses confirmed the three-factor model of ALAS and demonstrated its validity and reliability in measuring Greek teachers' active listening attitudes.

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“…Women with schizophrenia (when compared to men) exhibit clinical features (less severe illness course, less severe negative symptoms, better overall functioning, better social skills) that are typically associated with better FEP performance. Further, healthy women are more accurate at FEP than healthy men [25][26][27] . This review will examine the literature on FEP in schizophrenia and summarize relevant findings related to sex differences in chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, people with early or recent-onset schizophrenia, and people at clinical high risk for developing schizophrenia (specifically, unaffected firstdegree relatives of people with schizophrenia).…”

Section: Mote J Et Al Facial Emotion Perception In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the higher the percentage of male controls included in studies, the smaller the magnitude of group differences in FEP between controls and people with schizophrenia. The authors suggested that because healthy men perform worse on FEP than healthy women [27] , having more women in the control group may have boosted the overall control group mean, thus amplifying group differences between people with and without schizophrenia. Furthermore, because the percentage of men with schizophrenia did not significantly moderate the effect sizes in FEP, the authors concluded that men and women with schizophrenia performed similarly on FEP tasks.…”

Section: Adults With Chronic Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: Does sex matter?

Mote

Kring

2016

WJP

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AIM:To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception (FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early (onset prior to age 18) or recent-onset (experiencing their first or second psychotic episode or illness duration less than 2 years) schizophrenia, and unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. We also examined articles written in English (from November 2011 through June 2015) that were not included in the aforementioned metaanalyses through a literature search in the PubMed database. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. We examined all studies to determine the sample sizes, diagnostic characteristics, demographic information, methodologies, results, and whether each individual study reported on sex differences. The results from the meta-analyses themselves as well as the individual studies are reported in tables and text. RESULTS:We retrieved 134 articles included in five separate meta-analyses and the PubMed database that examined FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum. Of these articles, 38 examined sex differences in FEP. Thirty of these studies did not find sex differences in FEP in either chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, early-onset or recently diagnosed people with schizophrenia, or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Of the eight studies that found sex differences in FEP, three found that chronically ill women outperformed men, one study found that girls with early-onset schizophrenia outperformed boys, and two studies found that women (including first-degree relatives, adults with schizophrenia, and the healthy control group) outperformed men on FEP tasks. In total, six of the eight studies that examined sex differences in FEP found that women outperformed men across the SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS Core tip: People with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in facial emotion perception (FEP) compared to healthy controls. These deficits are associated with poorer functioning and more severe symptoms. Although the literature to date suggests that there are few sex differences in FEP in schizophrenia, continued assessment of sex differences in FEP can help researchers and clinicians better understand other sex differences in the disorder and assist in treatment development aimed at improving functioning in people with schizophrenia. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the literature on FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, focusing on the evidence related to sex differences in FEP.Mote J, Kring AM. Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: Does sex matter? World J Psychiatr 2016; 6(2): 257-268

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Sex differences in the ability to recognise non-verbal displays of emotion: A meta-analysis

Cited by 379 publications

References 203 publications

Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators

Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators

Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators

Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: Does sex matter?

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